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Fundamentals of Health & Wellness > Unit 3 Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of failure rates?

A

lowest observed failure rate
typical failure rate

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2
Q

Lowest observed failure rates:

A

used intended and instructed

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3
Q

Typical failure rate

A

chance of getting pregnant with human error

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4
Q

Reasons for practicing fertility control:

A
  • Enhancing sexual pleasure
  • Family planning
  • increasing women’s life choices
  • Health considerations
  • World overpopulation
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5
Q

Douching

A

rinsing of the vagina with fluid after sexual intercourse,
completely ineffective & vagina cleans itslef

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6
Q

what are the different methods of birth controls?

A

hormonal, barrier and sterilizations

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7
Q

What are the different hormonal methods

A
  • combination hormonal contraceptives,
  • skin patches,
  • vaginal contraceptive pill, - - progestin only contraceptives
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8
Q

what do hormonal methods do

A

gives hormones (progesterone and estrogen) that we already have but in high amounts

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9
Q

what do Combination Hormonal Contraceptives contain

A

estrogen & progesterone

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10
Q

When do you take Combination Hormonal Contraceptives

A

personalized period e.g. 21, 24, and 28 days & should be taken at the same time each day

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11
Q

side effects of combination hormonal contraceptives

A

Nausea

Weight gain

Breast Tenderness

Headaches

Spotting

Decreased menstrual flow

Reduced risk of certain Diseases

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12
Q

what do skin patches do and when would you not wear it?

A

Releases hormones slowly over 3 weeks
Wouldn’t wear it during period

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13
Q

what are the side effects of the skin patches?

A

same as the pill, but can experience skin irritation or it can become detached from the skin

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14
Q

What is a vaginal contraceptive ring and how does it work?

A

Flexible device 2 inches in diameter
Has same ingredients as a contraceptive pill
Can insert by the woman herself
Hormones released over 3 weeks
ring can be discarded after 3 weeks

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15
Q

side effects of vaginal contraceptive ring

A

same as pill

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16
Q

what are progestin only contraceptives

A

Available as pills, injectables, and implants
Inhibits ovulation & thickens cervical mucus→ hard for sperm to reach egg

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17
Q

what happens if you use progestin-only contraceptives for a prolonged time?

A

bone loss

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18
Q

What are the different barrier methods?

A

diaphragm
cervical cup
contraceptive sponge
vaginal spermicides
male & female condoms

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19
Q

what is a diaphragm

A

MEDICALLY FITTED Dome shaped latex cup placed in the vagina to cover the cervix
Catches sperm & release spermicide

DOES NOT PREVENT STDS

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20
Q

how do you use a diaphragm

A

Inserted up 6 hours before intercourse & left in place for at least 6 hours after but not longer than 24

lasts 1-2 years

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21
Q

what is a cervical cup

A

Cup shaped rubber device (used if have latex allergy) & must be used with spermicide

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22
Q

advantages of a cervical cup

A

Low cost

Convenience

Insertion may occur any time of the day intercourse is anticipated.

Sexual activity can take place any time during the next 24 hours.

23
Q

DIsadvantages of a cervical cup

A

Difficult to insert and remove

Occasional discomfort during intercourse

Dislodgement during intercourse

Irritation to the cervix

NO STD PROTECTION

24
Q

contraceptive sponge

A

sponge that has spermicides in the cervix

25
Q

effectiveness of contraceptive sponge

A

is more effective than spermicide
less effective than a diaphragm or cervical cap.

26
Q

vaginal spermicides

A

Substances that kill sperm
Available in foams, gels, creams & vaginal suppositories

27
Q

effectiveness of vaginal spermicides

A

18 pregnancies per 100 women per year

28
Q

what are male condoms & why do they fail

A

Membranous sheath that covers the penis and catches the sperm before it enters the vagina
Fail mostly because of error in use

29
Q

what are female condoms

A

Pouch that lines the vagina
Has an inner and outer ring
Inner ring: used to insert the device into the vagina and hold it in there
Outer ring: outside the vagina and covers external genitalia

30
Q

Advantages of female condoms

A

Warms up body temperature, enhacing sensation for both partners
Protection from STDs

31
Q

DIsadvantages of female condoms

A

Outer ring may be pushed inside vagina

Difficult insertion and removal

Minor irritation

Discomfort or breakage

32
Q

Vasectomy

A

cutting and tying of the Vas Deferens
Outpatient procedure
Can sometimes be reversed

33
Q

Tubal litigation

A

cutting and tying of the fallopian tubes
Quick procedure

34
Q

Culpotomy

A

vaginal tubal ligation

35
Q

Minilaparotomy and laparoscopy

A

abdominal tubal ligation
Can sometimes be reversed

36
Q

what is a intrauterine device?

A

Small device containing copper or progesterone
Inserted by health care provider
Kills or weakens sperm & alters timing of the ovum or embryo’s movement through the fallopian tube
String hangs into vagina

37
Q

Side effects of IUD

A

Heavier menstrual flow or menstrual cramps
Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and uterine perforations with insertion
Ectopic pregnancy

38
Q

Reasons why people use birth control

A

Enhancing sexual pleasure

Family planning

Increasing women’s life choices

Health considerations

World overpopulation

39
Q

Reasons why people don’t use birth control

A

Low motivation

Lack of knowledge

Negative attitudes about fertility control

Relationship issues

40
Q

natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method

A

Estimates when the woman is going to ovulate and avoid intercourse or use an alternate birth control method during the days just before and after ovulation.
May get pregnant on “safe days”

41
Q

Natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method
effectiveness

A

25 pregnancies/100 women per year
Due to failure to keep good records

42
Q

Natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method
advatanges

A

No health risks

Inexpensive

Only method accepted by all religions

43
Q

Calendar Rhythm

A

Estimates the most likely fertile days in a woman’s cycle by estimating that
Ovulation usually take place 14 days (+/–2) before the onset of the next menstrual flow
An ovum is capable of being fertilized after 24 hours
Sperm deposited in the vagina remain capable of fertilization for up to 3 days

44
Q

temperature method

A

Uses the basal body temperature (BBT) to estimate ovulation
In 70–90% of women, the BBT rises approx. 1 degree just after ovulation.
By tracking the BBT, a woman can determine when ovulation has occurred.

45
Q

mucus method

A

Certain hormone-sensitive glands in the cervix produce mucus that changes in amount, color, and consistency during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
Those who use this method learn to recognize the changes in mucus and determine when ovulation occurs.

46
Q

Sympto-Thermal Method

A

Uses both the temperature and mucus methods simultaneously.

47
Q

Chemical Methods

A

Measures the amount of luteinizing hormone in a woman’s urine, which peaks at the time of ovulation.
Ovulation Predictor Kits

48
Q

how many pregnancies are there each year?

A

6.3 million but 49% are unintended and 50% used contraception

49
Q

what are the two emergency contraceptives?

A

Plan B pill can be obtained only with a doctor’s prescription.
Emergency IUD insertion within 5 days of unprotected intercourse.

50
Q

Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA)

A

Cervix is emptied with suction of a manual syringe.
Can be performed up to the 10th week.

51
Q

what are medical abortions

A

medications methotrexate or mifepristone combined with misoprostol to end a pregnancy.
Must take place within the first 7 to 8 weeks of pregnancy.

52
Q

late medical abortion

A

Dilation and curettage (D&C), or dilation and evacuation (D&E), is performed early in the second trimester. Can be performed up to the 24th week.

53
Q

can do abortions after 24 the week if

A

Only done when serious threat to the woman’s life or health, or the fetus is severely deformed.

Fundamentals of Health & Wellness (16 decks)

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