Unit 3 Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are the 2 types of failure rates?
lowest observed failure rate
typical failure rate
Lowest observed failure rates:
used intended and instructed
Typical failure rate
chance of getting pregnant with human error
Reasons for practicing fertility control:
- Enhancing sexual pleasure
- Family planning
- increasing women’s life choices
- Health considerations
- World overpopulation
Douching
rinsing of the vagina with fluid after sexual intercourse,
completely ineffective & vagina cleans itslef
what are the different methods of birth controls?
hormonal, barrier and sterilizations
What are the different hormonal methods
- combination hormonal contraceptives,
- skin patches,
- vaginal contraceptive pill, - - progestin only contraceptives
what do hormonal methods do
gives hormones (progesterone and estrogen) that we already have but in high amounts
what do Combination Hormonal Contraceptives contain
estrogen & progesterone
When do you take Combination Hormonal Contraceptives
personalized period e.g. 21, 24, and 28 days & should be taken at the same time each day
side effects of combination hormonal contraceptives
Nausea
Weight gain
Breast Tenderness
Headaches
Spotting
Decreased menstrual flow
Reduced risk of certain Diseases
what do skin patches do and when would you not wear it?
Releases hormones slowly over 3 weeks
Wouldn’t wear it during period
what are the side effects of the skin patches?
same as the pill, but can experience skin irritation or it can become detached from the skin
What is a vaginal contraceptive ring and how does it work?
Flexible device 2 inches in diameter
Has same ingredients as a contraceptive pill
Can insert by the woman herself
Hormones released over 3 weeks
ring can be discarded after 3 weeks
side effects of vaginal contraceptive ring
same as pill
what are progestin only contraceptives
Available as pills, injectables, and implants
Inhibits ovulation & thickens cervical mucus→ hard for sperm to reach egg
what happens if you use progestin-only contraceptives for a prolonged time?
bone loss
What are the different barrier methods?
diaphragm
cervical cup
contraceptive sponge
vaginal spermicides
male & female condoms
what is a diaphragm
MEDICALLY FITTED Dome shaped latex cup placed in the vagina to cover the cervix
Catches sperm & release spermicide
DOES NOT PREVENT STDS
how do you use a diaphragm
Inserted up 6 hours before intercourse & left in place for at least 6 hours after but not longer than 24
lasts 1-2 years
what is a cervical cup
Cup shaped rubber device (used if have latex allergy) & must be used with spermicide
advantages of a cervical cup
Low cost
Convenience
Insertion may occur any time of the day intercourse is anticipated.
Sexual activity can take place any time during the next 24 hours.
DIsadvantages of a cervical cup
Difficult to insert and remove
Occasional discomfort during intercourse
Dislodgement during intercourse
Irritation to the cervix
NO STD PROTECTION
contraceptive sponge
sponge that has spermicides in the cervix
effectiveness of contraceptive sponge
is more effective than spermicide
less effective than a diaphragm or cervical cap.
vaginal spermicides
Substances that kill sperm
Available in foams, gels, creams & vaginal suppositories
effectiveness of vaginal spermicides
18 pregnancies per 100 women per year
what are male condoms & why do they fail
Membranous sheath that covers the penis and catches the sperm before it enters the vagina
Fail mostly because of error in use
what are female condoms
Pouch that lines the vagina
Has an inner and outer ring
Inner ring: used to insert the device into the vagina and hold it in there
Outer ring: outside the vagina and covers external genitalia
Advantages of female condoms
Warms up body temperature, enhacing sensation for both partners
Protection from STDs
DIsadvantages of female condoms
Outer ring may be pushed inside vagina
Difficult insertion and removal
Minor irritation
Discomfort or breakage
Vasectomy
cutting and tying of the Vas Deferens
Outpatient procedure
Can sometimes be reversed
Tubal litigation
cutting and tying of the fallopian tubes
Quick procedure
Culpotomy
vaginal tubal ligation
Minilaparotomy and laparoscopy
abdominal tubal ligation
Can sometimes be reversed
what is a intrauterine device?
Small device containing copper or progesterone
Inserted by health care provider
Kills or weakens sperm & alters timing of the ovum or embryo’s movement through the fallopian tube
String hangs into vagina
Side effects of IUD
Heavier menstrual flow or menstrual cramps
Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and uterine perforations with insertion
Ectopic pregnancy
Reasons why people use birth control
Enhancing sexual pleasure
Family planning
Increasing women’s life choices
Health considerations
World overpopulation
Reasons why people don’t use birth control
Low motivation
Lack of knowledge
Negative attitudes about fertility control
Relationship issues
natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method
Estimates when the woman is going to ovulate and avoid intercourse or use an alternate birth control method during the days just before and after ovulation.
May get pregnant on “safe days”
Natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method
effectiveness
25 pregnancies/100 women per year
Due to failure to keep good records
Natural Family Planning, Rhythm Method
advatanges
No health risks
Inexpensive
Only method accepted by all religions
Calendar Rhythm
Estimates the most likely fertile days in a woman’s cycle by estimating that
Ovulation usually take place 14 days (+/–2) before the onset of the next menstrual flow
An ovum is capable of being fertilized after 24 hours
Sperm deposited in the vagina remain capable of fertilization for up to 3 days
temperature method
Uses the basal body temperature (BBT) to estimate ovulation
In 70–90% of women, the BBT rises approx. 1 degree just after ovulation.
By tracking the BBT, a woman can determine when ovulation has occurred.
mucus method
Certain hormone-sensitive glands in the cervix produce mucus that changes in amount, color, and consistency during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
Those who use this method learn to recognize the changes in mucus and determine when ovulation occurs.
Sympto-Thermal Method
Uses both the temperature and mucus methods simultaneously.
Chemical Methods
Measures the amount of luteinizing hormone in a woman’s urine, which peaks at the time of ovulation.
Ovulation Predictor Kits
how many pregnancies are there each year?
6.3 million but 49% are unintended and 50% used contraception
what are the two emergency contraceptives?
Plan B pill can be obtained only with a doctor’s prescription.
Emergency IUD insertion within 5 days of unprotected intercourse.
Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA)
Cervix is emptied with suction of a manual syringe.
Can be performed up to the 10th week.
what are medical abortions
medications methotrexate or mifepristone combined with misoprostol to end a pregnancy.
Must take place within the first 7 to 8 weeks of pregnancy.
late medical abortion
Dilation and curettage (D&C), or dilation and evacuation (D&E), is performed early in the second trimester. Can be performed up to the 24th week.
can do abortions after 24 the week if
Only done when serious threat to the woman’s life or health, or the fetus is severely deformed.
