Unit 4 Chapter 14 Flashcards
WHat is A fib
signals other then SA node interfere with the heart beat and cause different areas of heart to beat independently of each other
define atherosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries from a plaque buildup & chest pain can occur
what are some proteins that change from a heart attack?
creatine kinase, troponin, myoglobin, myosin
how many are in the hospitsal for possible heart attacks?
> 1 million
what are the treatments of block arteries?
cardiac catherization
coronary artery bypass
open heart surgery
PTCA & stenting
cardiac catherization
thin tube threaded in femoral artery to coronary artery to view blood flow
Coronary artery bypass
diseased artery segment cutout and replaced with graft of good artery to restore blood flow
PTCA
balloon in artery that is inflated, pushing plaque against the wall
what is the 3rd leading cause of death
stroke
coronary artery disease define
buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries
What leads to 70% of all strokes?
high bp
What can lead to a stroke?
injuries to the head or weak spots in arteries (aneurysms) that rupture
What are the risk factors for a stroke?
High BP, heart disease, smoking, TIA’s, high RBC count
path of blood flow through the heart
Superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary capillaries, CO2 and O2 exchange, pulmonary vein, l eft atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, O2 to rest of body
difference in the diastolic and systolic measures.
Systolic - max pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic - pressure between contractions, when blood flows from one chamber to another
Risk factors of CVD
Smoking, overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol
metabolic syndrome
stress
What is the good cholesterol and bad?
HDL (good) and LDL (bad)
Familial hyperlipidemia
inherited disease that has high cholesterol
essential hypertension
High BP happens for no reason
Secondary hypertension
hypertension occurs from kidney abnormality, congenital aorta defect, etc.
Statins
drugs that reduce cholesterol and inflammation in arteries
Lifestyle changes for helping high bp
Lowering calorie intake, increase physical activity, decreasing salt alcohol intake
WHat is metabolic syndrome
someone who is at risk or CVD
examples of risks for metabolic syndrome
Waist circumference 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women
Serum triglyceride 150 or greater
BP 135/85 or above
how do B vitamins benefit the heart?
B6, B12, and folic acid lower the levels of homocysteine in the blood.
How does Vitamin D deficiency affect the heart?
a risk factor for hypertension in persons of all ages.
How do soy products benefit the heart?
remove cholesterol from the blood and block oxidation of LDL, which prevents it from sticking to the walls of arteries.
fish oils benefit the heart how
large amounts of fish show lower rates of CHD than populations that do not.
tea benefit the heart
: Green and black tea contain antioxidant chemicals that help block oxidation of LDL in the blood.
