Unit 4 Chapter 14 Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

WHat is A fib

A

signals other then SA node interfere with the heart beat and cause different areas of heart to beat independently of each other

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2
Q

define atherosclerosis?

A

Hardening of arteries from a plaque buildup & chest pain can occur

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3
Q

what are some proteins that change from a heart attack?

A

creatine kinase, troponin, myoglobin, myosin

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4
Q

how many are in the hospitsal for possible heart attacks?

A

> 1 million

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5
Q

what are the treatments of block arteries?

A

cardiac catherization
coronary artery bypass
open heart surgery
PTCA & stenting

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6
Q

cardiac catherization

A

thin tube threaded in femoral artery to coronary artery to view blood flow

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7
Q

Coronary artery bypass

A

diseased artery segment cutout and replaced with graft of good artery to restore blood flow

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8
Q

PTCA

A

balloon in artery that is inflated, pushing plaque against the wall

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9
Q

what is the 3rd leading cause of death

A

stroke

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10
Q

coronary artery disease define

A

buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What leads to 70% of all strokes?

A

high bp

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12
Q

What can lead to a stroke?

A

injuries to the head or weak spots in arteries (aneurysms) that rupture

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for a stroke?

A

High BP, heart disease, smoking, TIA’s, high RBC count

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14
Q

path of blood flow through the heart

A

Superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary capillaries, CO2 and O2 exchange, pulmonary vein, l eft atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, O2 to rest of body

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15
Q

difference in the diastolic and systolic measures.

A

Systolic - max pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic - pressure between contractions, when blood flows from one chamber to another

15
Q

Risk factors of CVD

A

Smoking, overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol
metabolic syndrome
stress

16
Q

What is the good cholesterol and bad?

A

HDL (good) and LDL (bad)

17
Q

Familial hyperlipidemia

A

inherited disease that has high cholesterol

18
Q

essential hypertension

A

High BP happens for no reason

19
Q

Secondary hypertension

A

hypertension occurs from kidney abnormality, congenital aorta defect, etc.

20
Q

Statins

A

drugs that reduce cholesterol and inflammation in arteries

21
Q

Lifestyle changes for helping high bp

A

Lowering calorie intake, increase physical activity, decreasing salt alcohol intake

22
Q

WHat is metabolic syndrome

A

someone who is at risk or CVD

23
examples of risks for metabolic syndrome
Waist circumference 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women Serum triglyceride 150 or greater BP 135/85 or above
24
how do B vitamins benefit the heart?
B6, B12, and folic acid lower the levels of homocysteine in the blood.
25
How does Vitamin D deficiency affect the heart?
a risk factor for hypertension in persons of all ages.
26
How do soy products benefit the heart?
remove cholesterol from the blood and block oxidation of LDL, which prevents it from sticking to the walls of arteries.
27
fish oils benefit the heart how
large amounts of fish show lower rates of CHD than populations that do not.
28
tea benefit the heart
: Green and black tea contain antioxidant chemicals that help block oxidation of LDL in the blood.