Unit 4 Chapter 14

Question 1

WHat is A fib

Answer 1

signals other then SA node interfere with the heart beat and cause different areas of heart to beat independently of each other

Question 2

define atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

Hardening of arteries from a plaque buildup & chest pain can occur

Question 3

what are some proteins that change from a heart attack?

Answer 3

creatine kinase, troponin, myoglobin, myosin

Question 4

how many are in the hospitsal for possible heart attacks?

Answer 4

> 1 million

Question 5

what are the treatments of block arteries?

Answer 5

cardiac catherization
coronary artery bypass
open heart surgery
PTCA & stenting

Question 6

cardiac catherization

Answer 6

thin tube threaded in femoral artery to coronary artery to view blood flow

Question 7

Coronary artery bypass

Answer 7

diseased artery segment cutout and replaced with graft of good artery to restore blood flow

Question 8

PTCA

Answer 8

balloon in artery that is inflated, pushing plaque against the wall

Question 9

what is the 3rd leading cause of death

Answer 9

stroke

Question 12

What leads to 70% of all strokes?

Answer 12

high bp

Question 12

What can lead to a stroke?

Answer 12

injuries to the head or weak spots in arteries (aneurysms) that rupture

Question 13

What are the risk factors for a stroke?

Answer 13

High BP, heart disease, smoking, TIA’s, high RBC count

Question 14

path of blood flow through the heart

Answer 14

Superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary capillaries, CO2 and O2 exchange, pulmonary vein, l eft atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, O2 to rest of body

Question 15

difference in the diastolic and systolic measures.

Answer 15

Systolic - max pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic - pressure between contractions, when blood flows from one chamber to another

Question 15

Risk factors of CVD

Answer 15

Smoking, overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol
metabolic syndrome
stress

Question 16

What is the good cholesterol and bad?

Answer 16

HDL (good) and LDL (bad)

Question 17

Familial hyperlipidemia

Answer 17

inherited disease that has high cholesterol

Question 18

essential hypertension

Answer 18

High BP happens for no reason

Question 19

Secondary hypertension

Answer 19

hypertension occurs from kidney abnormality, congenital aorta defect, etc.

Question 20

Statins

Answer 20

drugs that reduce cholesterol and inflammation in arteries

Question 21

Lifestyle changes for helping high bp

Answer 21

Lowering calorie intake, increase physical activity, decreasing salt alcohol intake

Question 22

WHat is metabolic syndrome

Answer 22

someone who is at risk or CVD

Question 23

examples of risks for metabolic syndrome

Answer 23

Waist circumference 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women
Serum triglyceride 150 or greater
BP 135/85 or above

Question 24

how do B vitamins benefit the heart?

Answer 24

B6, B12, and folic acid lower the levels of homocysteine in the blood.

Question 25

How does Vitamin D deficiency affect the heart?

Answer 25

a risk factor for hypertension in persons of all ages.

Question 26

How do soy products benefit the heart?

Answer 26

remove cholesterol from the blood and block oxidation of LDL, which prevents it from sticking to the walls of arteries.

Question 27

fish oils benefit the heart how

Answer 27

large amounts of fish show lower rates of CHD than populations that do not.

Question 28

tea benefit the heart

Answer 28

: Green and black tea contain antioxidant chemicals that help block oxidation of LDL in the blood.