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8B science > Unit 4(Topics 4-8) > Flashcards

Unit 4(Topics 4-8) Flashcards

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1
Q

Pressure-

A

The force acting perpendicular to a surface area.

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2
Q

Pressure=

A

Area

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3
Q

Pascals Law-

A

Pressure exerted on a contained object is transmitted in all direction

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4
Q

Hydraulic lift-

A

A mechanical system that raises heavy objects on a lift. Closed system.

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5
Q

MA=

A

Effort force

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6
Q

Hydraulic systems-

A

Uses the incompressibility of a liquid to transmit pressure.

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7
Q

Hydraulic systems examples-

A
  • Jaws of life
  • farm equipment
  • earth movers”diggers”
  • Cardio Vascular system
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8
Q

Pneumatic systems-

A

Uses the compressibility of gases to high pressure.

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9
Q

Pneumatic systems examples-

A
  • Jackhammer
  • Dentists Drill
  • Staple guns
  • Respiratory system.
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10
Q

Hovercraft-

A

Pumps draw in air and pump it out through holes in the bottom.

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11
Q

Hydraulics in Flight-

A

Flaps, spoilers, and ailerons are controlled by hydraulics.

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12
Q

Most modern machines are_______of dozens of hundreds of simple machines.

A

Combinations.

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13
Q

A simple machine that is part of a larger machine is called a_________.

A

Subsystem.

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14
Q

Subsystems in a car are…

A

Combinations of levers and hydraulics.

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15
Q

A_____, or________, has three levers:______,______, and______.

A

Backhoe, excavator, book, dipper, bucket.

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16
Q

A backhoe, or excavator, rotate on a gear-like point called a_______.

A

Slew ring.

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17
Q

Steam engines were a major development in the_____th century.

A

19th

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18
Q

The_____ _____in a steam ship opens and lets the cooled steam escape.

A

Exhaust valve.

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19
Q

The exhaust valve switches to the other side and the process______and______, moving the piston back and forth.

A

Reverses, repeats.

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20
Q

The_____of the piston is attached to_______which turn the______.

A

Rod, gears, paddle wheel.

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21
Q

In modern ships, steam turns______instead of________.

A

Turbines, wheels

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22
Q

Turbine-

A

A device used to convert the motion of a fluid into mechanical energy.

23
Q

A turbine consists of…

A

Fan blades attached to a central hub.

24
Q

Turbines are in…(2)

A

Jet engines and generating systems.

25
Q

Internal combustion engine-

A

A type of engine in which fuel is burned internally inside the engine.

26
Q

Steam engines require…(5)

A

Furnace, fuel, a boiler, engine and pistons.

27
Q

A_______converts the up/down or side/side motion of the piston into circular motion.

A

Crankshaft.

28
Q

Which two inventions transformed the world?

A

Steam engine

Making iron with coal instead of wood.

29
Q

Mass production-

A

The manufacturing of large quantities of a standardized item by a standardized mechanical process.

30
Q

Hydrogen fuel cell-

A

Uses oxygen and hydrogen to make electricity, it exhausts water.

31
Q

Measurement for acceleration-

A

M/s2

32
Q

Measurement for mass-

A

Kgs

33
Q

Measurement for work-

A

Joules

34
Q

Measurement for distance-

A

Meters

35
Q

Measurement for force-

A

Newtons

36
Q

Measurement for pressure-

A

Pascals(N/m2)

37
Q

Measurement for area-

A

M2

38
Q

Kilopascal=_______P

A

1000

39
Q

Valve-

A

Regulates flow of fluids in Hydraulic systems.

40
Q

Pump-

A

Used for raising or moving liquids.

41
Q

Subsystem-

A

A secondary or subordinate system that is part of a larger system.

42
Q

Piston-

A

A disc-shaped part that fits tightly inside a cylinder in which some force, such as steam pressure, moves it back and forth or up and down.

43
Q

Crankshaft-

A

A shaft that turns or is turned by a crank. A crankshaft turns the wheels of an automobile.

44
Q

A backhoe is a rotating combination of_________ _______.

A

Three levers.

45
Q

Who developed the first practical steam engine? When?

A

Thomas savory

1699

46
Q

From______-_______, more than_______steamboats travelled along the rivers and coasts of________ ________and the______, carrying______ ______________ between the two regions.

A 
1836-1957
3000
BC
Yukon
Gold seekers
47
Q

MA Less than 1=________Advantage

A

Speed

48
Q

Give an example of all three of the classes of levers in the body.

A

1-head and neck
2-foot
3-forearm

49
Q

MA of a single moveable pulley.

A

2

50
Q

MA of a fixed pulley.

A

1

51
Q

2 types of potential energy are…

A

Chemical, Gravitational

52
Q

How does pascals law work in hydraulics?

A

Pressure transmits equally in all directions throughout the liquid perpendicular to the surface.

53
Q

What is the same at both pistons of a hydraulic machine?

A

The pressure.

54
Q

What are systems in the body that use hydraulics and pneumatics?

A

Hydraulics-Heart and circulatory system

Pneumatics-Respiratory system.

8B science (11 decks)

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