Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Unit 4 - Protein Diseases > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Protein Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which major serum protein is immediately anodal and fast?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which analyte helps you orient your SPE and why?

A

Albumin
Fastest, most abundant, to positive/anodal side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which are the slowest migrators?

A

Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which have the lowest net negative charge?

A

Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endosmosis

A

Gamma globulins weakly negative, so strong cations push them back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes increased total protein levels

A

Hemoconcentration
Overproduction
Retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes low levels of protein

A

Hemodilution
Underproduction
Excessive loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Edema signifies ___ levels of protein

A

Edema, because albumin redistributed into the tissues causing water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does albumin function as a protein reserve?

A

Source of amino acids by degradation by the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Total protein measured range

A

6-8 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Albumin measured range

A

3.5-5 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Globulin measured calculated

A

2.5-3.0 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Entire number of dissolved particles in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Subset of osmotic pressure caused by suspended colloidal molecules like proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Liver disease albumin levels

A

Decreased synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would hereditary analbuminemia do to serum protein levels?

A

Low/No albumin
All other globulins increased for compensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemodilution

A

Estrogens/pregnancy
CHF
Blood collected above an IV line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes high albumin levels

A

Dehydration
Tourniquet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disorder of overproduction of gamma globulins

A

MM
Chronic liver disease (hepatitis)
Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wear and Tear proteins in urine

A

Tamm Horsfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is protein normal in urine?

A

Not unless its Tamm Horsfall protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is albumin estimation reliable using densitometry?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which band is normally the smallest?

A

Alpha-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha-1 Globulins

A

Anti-Trypsin
Glycoprotein (doesn’t stain well)
Lipoprotein
Fetoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does anti-trypsin do and where is it found

A

Alpha-1
Controls proteolytic enzymes after inflammation
Effective against leukocyte elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which form of cholesterol is in Alpha-1?

A

HDL
Good Cholesterol

27
Q

What are the globulins in Alpha-2

A

Haptoglobin
Macroglobulin
Lipoprotein VLDL
Ceruloplasmin

28
Q

What does haptoglobin do

A

Binds free hgb to prevent loss

29
Q

After a hemolytic event, what happens to haptoglobin?

A

Decreases

30
Q

What does ceruloplasmin do

A

Bind Copper

31
Q

What color is ceruloplasmin

A

Green, elevated in pregnancy

32
Q

What are the globs in Beta

A

Transferrin
Hemopexin
Lipoprotein (LDL)
C3

33
Q

What does transferrin do

A

Transport iron

34
Q

What happens to transferrin levels in iron deficiency anemia

A

Increases

35
Q

What does hemopexin do

A

Binds heme to recycle it and prevent tissue damage from excess heme

36
Q

What happens to hemopexin levels in hemolytic anemias

A

Decrease

37
Q

Order of Ig in gamma region

A

IgA
IgM
IgG

38
Q

Where is CRP

A

Gamma region

39
Q

What are SPEP primarily used for?

A

Identifying monoclonal gammopathies

40
Q

What causes bisalbuminemia

A

Genetics or drugs

41
Q

Acute phase reaction levels

A

–> Low alb
Inc Alpha-1
–> Inc Alpha-2
Decreased transferrin

42
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome levels

A

PROFOUNDLY low albumin
PROFOUNDLY high alpha-2

43
Q

What causes nephrotic syndrome

A

Kidney disease with large amounts of protein in the urine

44
Q

If you see a spike where CRP should be, how do you report it?

A

Consistent with monoclonal band/spike

45
Q

Polyclonal Hypergammaglobulinemia levels

A

All antibodies high
Low albumin
High alpha-2

46
Q

Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is also associated with

A

Chronic inflammation

47
Q

Severe hepatic disease

A

Polyclonal gammopathy
Low alb
low alpha 1
low alpha 2
low beta

48
Q

Hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Can be congenital or aquired

49
Q

Where is alpha-1 antitrypsin produced

A

Liver

50
Q

If antitrypsin can’t be secreted, what can happen?

A

It builds up in the liver and liver damage ensues

51
Q

Antitrypsin disease affects what organ?

A

Lungs

52
Q

Antitrypsin gentoypes

A

Normal - MM
Carrier - MZ
Homozygote - ZZ

53
Q

Beta-gamma bridge

A

Liver disease

54
Q

Most common monoclonal disorder

A

Multiple myeloma

55
Q

Least common monoclonal disorder

A

B cell overproduction

56
Q

Multiple Myeloma acronym

A

CRAB
Calcium inc
Renal dysfunction
Anemia
Bone lesions

57
Q

MM causes an overproduction of

A

Antibodies and/or light chains

58
Q

What causes the renal dysfunction of MM?

A

Excess light chains that deposit in the kidneys and cause damage

59
Q

What is a poor prognostic sign for MM?

A

Free light chains in the serum and urine
Increased beta microglobulin
Decreased albumin

60
Q

Immunosubtraction

A

Add antibody to the therapeutic monoclonal and repeat electrophoresis

61
Q

What if the spike doesn’t move with immunosubtraction?

A

The spike eisnt caused by the monoclonal antibody therapy

62
Q

What if the spike moves with immunosubtraction

A

The spike was caused by the therapy and you can see what was under the spike

63
Q

What is the downfall of SPE with very high monoclonal antibodies?

A

Prozone/postzone can cause it to be falsely negative

64
Q

When is CSF positive for oligoclonal bands?

A

only when serum is negative for oligobands

Biochemistry (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions