Unit 1 - Redone Flashcards

1
Q

Material with known value of analyte and unknowns compared to it

A

Calibrator

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2
Q

This has traceability
What is traceability?

A

Calibrators
Able to trace back a secondary and working standard back to the primary calibrator used

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3
Q

What do we assume about calibrators?

A

That they’re perfect

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4
Q

Material with known value of analyte and unknowns not compared to it

A

Controls

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5
Q

This material tests if a test system is working properly

A

Control

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6
Q

This should have commutability; what is that?

A

Controls
Controls aren’t made from organic material like specimens, but has to be close enough

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7
Q

T/F: Controls identify problems with individual specimens?

A

False

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8
Q

What percentage of healthy people fall outside of the Gaussian distribution?

A

5%

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9
Q

There is _____ that diseased people will fall outside the reference interval

A

no guarantee

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10
Q

What is required when reporting critical values?

A

1) Verbal communication
2) Read back
3) Documentation

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11
Q

Critical action value vs Critical decision limit

A

CAV - something needs to be done now
CDL - value results in treatment

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12
Q

This urine specimen avoids short-term variations

A

Timed

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13
Q

This urine specimen is to detect UTI/bacterial infections

A

Midstream

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14
Q

This urine specimen is usually the most concentrated

A

Learn, early morning, fasting

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15
Q

This specimen requires no preservatives

A

Fecal

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16
Q

fasting

A

no food or drinks, only water 8-12 hours before

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17
Q

post prandial

A

after a meal

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18
Q

First
Second
Third choices for specimen from an IV

A

1st: arm w/o IV
2nd: more than 4 inches below iV
3rd: turn off at least 2 minutes, draw above IV

19
Q

blood volume changes when patient goes from lying down to standing up

A

BV decreases by 9% for up to 30 minutes

20
Q

What does premature separation do to blood

A

continued clotting after separation

21
Q

Evaporation can cause analytes to be falsely __

A

increased

22
Q

Evaporation can cause volatile analyses to be falsely ___

A

decreased

23
Q

Hemolysis absorbance peak

A

415 nm

24
Q

Icterous/bilirubin absorbance peak

A

454 nm

25
Q

Lipemia absorbance peak

A

700 nm

26
Q

Persistent hemolysis can indicate what?

A

Intravascular hemolysis

27
Q

3 strategies for handling HIL interferences

A

Report
Cancel
Dilute

28
Q

If you report an HIL result; what needs to go in the report?

A

Comment about the interference
IF okay for analyte

29
Q

If you dilute an HIL specimen; what needs to happen?

A

Get analyte value and report after multiplying by dilution factor

30
Q

Order of draw

A

Stop - Sterile
Light - Light blue
Red - Red
Stay - SST
Put - PST (light green)
Green - Green
Light - Lavender
Go - Gray

31
Q

Pre-Analytical

A

Specimen collection, labeling, processing, storage

32
Q

Analytical

A

Verify labeling is correct
Visualize acceptability
Quality Control!
Quality Assurance!

33
Q

Quality Control

A

Detect errors before specimen is reported

34
Q

Quality assurance

A

Error prevention

35
Q

Insensitivity of a method causes…

A

False decrease

36
Q

Oversensitivity of a method causes…

A

False increase

37
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

Loss of fluid
False elevation

38
Q

Hemodilution

A

Increase of fluid
False decrease

39
Q

Hct values in newborns

A

High

40
Q

Dead volume

A

More specimen than actually pipetted

40
Q

Problems with capillary specimens

A

More hemolysis
Tissue fluid contamination
Difficult blood flow

41
Q

Why are evacuated tubes not ideal for pediatric specimens?

A

Small veins, can collapse

42
Q

Why don’t you want to use cotton balls for urine collection?

A

Fibers can interfere with urine microscopics