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Biology > Unit 4 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Unit 4 Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define Photosynthesis

A

solar energy used to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar and O2

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2
Q

Define Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food
“self-feeders”

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3
Q

Define Photoautotrophs

A

Autotrophs that use energy from light

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4
Q

Define heterotrophs

A

the consumers of the Biosphere
-cannot make own food
-consume animals and plants

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5
Q

Define Chlorophyl

A

Light absorbing pigment in the Chloroplasts

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6
Q

how many chloroplasts does s mesophyll cell have

A

30-40 Chloroplasts

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7
Q

Define Stomata

A

Pores that allow CO2 in the leaf and O2 out of the leaf

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8
Q

Define veins

A

deliver water, minerals, sugars to all part of the plants

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9
Q

Define a wavelength

A

the distance between the crests of the electromagnetic waves

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10
Q

Define the Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

full range of wavelengths

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11
Q

Define a Photon

A

Discreet packet of light energy

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12
Q

Which wavelengths have more energy Longer or shorter

A

Shorter wavelengths have more energy

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13
Q

Define Pigments

A

light absorbing molecules

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14
Q

Where are pigments located?

A

build into the Thylakoid membranes

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15
Q

How do Pigments work

A

absorb some wavelengths and reflect others

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16
Q

Define Chlorophyll a

A

Absorbs blue-violet and red light

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17
Q

What pigment participates directly in photosynthesis

A

pigment Chlorophyll a

18
Q

Define Chlorophyll b

A

Absorbs blue and orange light

19
Q

which pigment transfers energy to another pigment

A

Chlorophyll b

20
Q

Define Carotenoids

A

reflect shades of yellow and orange

21
Q

Define Photoprotection

A

protection from excessive light energy

some Carotenoids capture and dissipate excessive light energy

22
Q

What is the opposite of Cellular respiration

A

Photosynthesis

23
Q

What are the stages of Photosynthesis

A
  1. Light reactions
  2. Calvin cycle
24
Q

where do light reactions happen

A

In the Thylakoids

25
Q

where does the Calvin Cycle happen

A

in the Stoma
-carbon fixation

26
Q

What is the first stage of Light reactions

A
  1. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll
  2. H2O is split and O2 is released
  3. the electrons from H2O are transferred to NADP+ to reduce it to NADPH
  4. ATP is produced
27
Q

how is solar energy gotten

A

a pigment molecule absorbs a photon which makes an electron jump to another energy level
as the electron drops back down it releases energy in the form of heat or light

28
Q

Define Reaction Centre

A

pair of specialized chlorophyll a molecules bound to proteins

29
Q

which photosystem works first 1 or 2

A

Photosystem 2 works first

30
Q

Define Carbon Fixation

A

the incorporation of inorganic CO2 into Organic molecules which are reduced to form sugars

31
Q

what are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle

A

CO2 from air
ATP and NADPH from light reactions

32
Q

What are the products of the Calvin Cycle

A

G3P

33
Q

How many main steps in the Calvin Cycle

A

4 main steps

34
Q

What is the first step of the Calvin Cycle

A
  1. Carbon Fixation
    - starts with a 5-carbon sugar (RuBP)
    cycle turns 3 times to generate 1 molecules of G3P
35
Q

what is the second step of the Calvin cycle

A
  1. Reduction
    - ATP and NADPH are used to reduce the 3-carbon Molecules to G3P
36
Q

what is the third step of the Calvin cycle

A
  1. Release of G3P
    -every 3CO2 molecules, 1 molecule is released as a product
37
Q

what is the fourth step of the Calvin cycle

A
  1. Regeneration of RuBP
    - 5 G3P molecules rearranged to make RuBP
38
Q

What are C3 Plants

A

start plants the use CO2 directly from the air
due to hot/dry conditions the plants close their stomata to reduce loss of water
when that id done the leaf also cannot get any CO2 in and O2 out

39
Q

what are C4 Plants

A

Fix carbon into a 4-carbon intermediate compound
Storing the CO2 in one type of cell then releasing it into another cell to perform Photosynthesis

40
Q

What are CAM plants

A

adaptive to very dry climates
-conserve water by only opening its Stomata at night
then the CO2 is released during the day so the Calvin cycle can proceed

Biology (11 decks)

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