Unit 3 Energy and enzymes Flashcards
Define Energy
the capacity to cause change especially to do work
What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
energy carrying molecule
what is hydrolysis
the addition of water
what is a exergonic reaction
reaction that releases energy
what is an endergonic reactions
reactions that require an input of energy
what is phosphorylation
the phosphate group broken off at ATP is transferred to another molecule
What is a Activation barrier
energy barrier that must be overcome for any chemical reaction to begin
What is a Activation energy
Energy required to weaken bonds so that they can freak and new bonds can be formed
what are the ways to overcome the activation barrier
heat
enzymes
Define a substrate
the reactant that an enzyme acts on
define an Active site
the region of the enzyme that a substrate fits into
what is a Catalytic Cycle
a reaction that proceeds with the help of an enzyme
what are the steps of a Catalytic cycle
- the enzyme is available with an empty active site
- the substrate enters the active site, which folds in the substrate with an induced fit
- the substrate is converted to the products
- the products are released
for humans what is the optimal pH for enzymes to work in
range from pH of 6-8
what are the exceptions for the optimal pH for enzymes to work in
the stomach: pepsin works best at a pH of 2
lysosomes have acidic pH
what are cofactors
non protein molecules that aid enzymes
bind to the active site and function in Catalysis
what are coenzymes
cofactor that is organic
define an Inhibitor
a chemical that interferes with an enzymes activity
what are the 3 different types of inhibitors
- competitive inhibitor
- non-competitive inhibitor
- feedback inhibitor
what is a competitive inhibitor
compound that resembles an enzyme’s normal substrate
-competes for entry into to active site
what is a non-competitive inhibitor
inhibitor that binds to a spot on the enzymes outside of the active site
-forces the enzyme to change shape
what is a feedback inhibitor
when there is too much product than needed being produced, the product can become the inhibitor
