Unit 1 Themes in Biology

Question 1

what are the 5 major themes in Biology

Answer 1

1. Evolution
2. The flow of information
3. Structure and function are linked
4. Transfer and transformation of matter
5. Interactions within and between systems

Question 2

Define evolution

Answer 2

process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to the different organisms living today

Question 3

What did Charles Darwin suggest about Natural Selection

Answer 3

that Natural Selection is the driving mechanism of evolution

Question 4

define unity of life

Answer 4

descent from common ancestor

Question 5

define diversity of life

Answer 5

modifications as the species diverged from their ancestors

Question 6

what two observations did Charles Darwin notice

Answer 6

Individual Variation
Overproduction of offspring

Question 7

what two conclusions came from the two observations

Answer 7

Unequal reproductive Success
Accumulation of favorable traits over time

Question 8

define natural selection

Answer 8

accumulation of small changes leads to major alterations of the species

Question 9

what does the Tree of Life (Phylogenetic Tree) show

Answer 9

-Family tree for all organisms
- Each species is on one branch
- Show that related species did not arise from one another, they shared a common ancestor

Question 10

What is Artificial Selection

Answer 10

• Humans modify organisms for our own purpose

Question 11

Define Unintentional Evolution

Answer 11

Unintentional effects we have had on evolution:
-loss of habitat
- antibiotic resistance
- pesticide resistance

Question 12

Define the Flow of Information

Answer 12

-Reproduction
- growth and development
- internal regulation
- response to the environment

Question 13

where is genetic information encoded

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

what is DNA

Answer 14

• master instructions for a cells functions
• inherited through generations

Question 15

what is the molecular structure of DNA

Answer 15

• two long chains of molecules
• strands coiled in a double helix
• four building blocks called nucleotides

Question 16

what is the Genetic Code

Answer 16

chemical language of nucleotides and genes to translate information from DNA into proteins

Question 17

What are the two different types of Cell Signaling

Answer 17

• External Stimuli
• Internal Stimuli

Question 18

Define External Stimuli

Answer 18

light, sound, temperature, chemicals

Question 19

Define Internal Stimuli

Answer 19

food in stomach, sugar levels, oxygen levels in blood

Question 20

what is the process for Insulin Production

Answer 20

1. Signal of high blood glucose level
2. Pancreatic cell releases insulin
3. Insulin binding stimulates body cells to take up glucose
4. Normal blood glucose level removes signal, insulin release stops.

Question 21

Define the link between Structure and Function and how they are linked

Answer 21

Structure: the shape of something
Function: What something does
-when the structure is best made for their function they are most likely to survive and reporduce

Question 22

Define the Transfer and Transformation of Energy and Matter

Answer 22

• Activities an organism performs require energy
• Sun energy is converted into forms all life can use.

Question 23

how is energy transferred

Answer 23

herbivores eat plants, taking in energy
energy is released by cellular respiration
animal waste returns to the environment
decomposers (fungi and bacteria) recycle the waste

Question 24

How is energy gained

Answer 24

through sunlighth

Question 25

how is energy lost

Answer 25

heat

Question 26

How does matter cycle in the ecosystem

Answer 26

from air to soil to the producers to consumers to decomposers and back into the air and soil