Unit 4 Part 1: human population Flashcards
effects of overpopulation
hunger
poverty
disease
depletion of resouces
habitat fragmentaion = loss of biodiversity
pollution
climate change
ecological footprint
quantity of nature it takes to support people or an economy
measure of sustainability
more developed = higher footprint
world population
8.2 bol
us population
346 mil
mst populous contries
india (1.45 bil)
china (1.42) bil
us 346 mil
repplacement level fertility
number of children a couple would have to replace themselves
developed countries = 2.1
developing = 2.5+
total fertility rate
average number of children a woman will have
decreases as country develops
world average = 2.3
highest = niger
lowest = honh kong sand s kodsa
birth rate
rate at which the births take place in a pop during a particlar time period
(# of births/pop)(100)
decreasing fertility and birht rate
education
access to contraception and family planning
anti-natalist policies
life expectencies
increase as contries develop
women live longer
migration
immigraion: tp a country
emigration: from a country
due to poltiical, demographica, econamic, social, and environemtal factos
global growth rate
tfr dropping
pop is increaseing at a decreasing rate
due to demographic transision
population density
how many individuals per capita in an area
# of individuals/unit area
crude birth rate
the annual number of births per 1000 people in a pop
(# births in yr/total pop) (1000)
crude death rate
the annual number of deaths per 1000 people ina pop
(#deaths in yr/total pop)(1000)
national growth rate
how a countrys pop has cchanged over time, expressed as a percent
((crude births + net immigraion) - (crude deaths + net emmigration))/10 OR (((births + imigration) - (deaths + emigration))/total pop)(100)
doubling time
rule of 70
predicts when a population will double based on growth rate
70/growth rate
finding future growth
using the growth rate to perdict future pop
(initial pop) (1+growth rate as decimal)^yrs = final pop
population pyramids
snapshot of pop of country at a given time
shows proprtion at varios ages
shape indicates if pop is growing, stalled, or decreasing
demographic transision
transition from high to low birth and death rates in a country as development occurs
pre-industrial stage
high cbr = high cdr
high infant mortality, disase, poor health care, short life expectency
no countrie in theis stage
transitioning stage
rapidly growing pop
death rates decline
imrpved heath cade, acess to water and food
high fertility rates
afghanistan, nigeria
industrial stage
slowly growing pop
economy and educatpion o,rpves
fam income up
access to contraception
india, mexico, china
post industrial stage
cbr is less than cdr
high affluence
more elderly
japan, italy, greece
decline stage
women having 0-1 childnre
pop declines
gov incentives to have kids
south korea, germany
negative impacts of pop decline
economic burden on younger generation
labor shortages
less entrereneurship
less innovation
