Unit 4 List 1 Evolution

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

biological structures having similar or corresponding functions but not from the same evolutionary origin.

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

The study of the structure of a plant or animal

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

includes DNA, RNA, and protein sequence comparisons, highlighting genetic similarities and differences among species.

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

a diagram that shows relationships between species.

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

an ancestral group of organisms that is shared by multiple lineages.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule

Question 10

electrophoresis

Answer 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

the study of the embryo and its development from a single-celled zygote (fertilized ovum) to the establishment of form and shape

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

The representation of the evolutionary history and relationships between groups of organisms.

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 21

vestigial structures

Answer 21

non-functional features fully developed and functioning in earlier species but serve little or no present purpose for an organism

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

the study of the biological and evolutionary bases for such changes

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

rivalry between or among living things for territory, resources, goods, mates, etc

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

an organism’s ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

The combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.

Question 28

genetic variation

Answer 28

differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

Question 29

geographic isolation

Answer 29

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms

Question 31

natural selection

Answer 31

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

Question 32

phenotypic expression

Answer 32

The observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes.

Question 33

physiology

Answer 33

the science of life

Question 34

population

Answer 34

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

Question 35

reproductive isolation

Answer 35

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species

Question 36

sexual selection

Answer 36

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

Question 37

speciation

Answer 37

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Question 39

trait

Answer 39

a specific characteristic of an individual.