Unit 3 vocab Flashcards
acculturation
the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture
assimilation
a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other
centrifugal force
a force that divides a group of people
centripetal force
a force that unites a group of people
collectivist culture
a culture in which people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members
contagious diffusion
The process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power
creolization
the blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language
cultural appropriation
The act of adopting elements of another culture
cultural convergence
he process by which cultures become more similar through interaction
cultural divergence
the process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers
cultural hearth
an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse
cultural landscape
a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values
cultural norm
a shared standard or pattern that guides the behavior of a group of people
cultural relativism
he evaluation of a culture by its own standards
cultural trait
a shared object or cultural practice
culture
the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation
denomination
separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations
dialect
a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling
diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time
ethnic neighborhood
a cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin
ethnic religion
a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place
ethnicity
the state belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics
ethnocentrism
the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture
expansion diffusion
the spread of a cultural trait outward from where it originated
gender identity
an individual’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither
gendered space
a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles
gentrification
the renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences
hierarchical diffusion
the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places
Identity
the ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others
isolate
a language that is unrelated to any other known language
language
distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities
language branch
collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago
language family
group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin
language group
anguages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap
lingua franca
common language used among speakers of different languages
multiculturalism
a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating
pilgrimage
journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons
placemaking
a community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn
popular culture
the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time
postmodern architecture
building style that emerged as a reaction to “modern” designs, and values diversity in design
religion
system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values
relocation diffusion
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
sect
a relatively small group that has separated from an established religious denomination
secularized
focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns
sense of place
the subjective feelingsand memories people associate with a geographic location
stimulus diffusion
the process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new
syncretism
process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new
traditional architecture
an established building style of different cultures, religions, and places
traditional culture
the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation
universalizing religion
a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone
