Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
Adenine
a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids
Amino acids
molecules that combine to form proteins
anticodon
three nucleotides forming genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule,
cell types
the types of cells found in a body
cell differentiation
when young cells take on their individual characteristics and become their mature form and function
Codon
three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for an amino acid.
chromosome
a structure found in the nucleus of the cell
cytoplasm
the liquid inside the cell
cytosine
a compound found in living tissue as a base of nucleic acids.
deoxyribose
five-carbon sugar component of DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
the molecule that carries genetic info for the development and functioning of an organism.
double helix
used to describe what the DNA looks like
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)
a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that goes from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm
gene
a unit of heredity which is passed down from parent to offspring
enzyme
proteins that help speed up chemical reactions and metabolism
Golgi apparatus
a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
guanine
A chemical compound that is used to make a building blocks of DNA and RNA.
hydrogen bond
a special type of attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom
mRNA
a molecule that contains the instructions that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery
nitrogenous base
nitrogen-containing organic compounds that form an important part of the nucleic acids
mutation
a change in the dna sequence of an organism
nuclear membrane
a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside
Nucleotide
A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
nucleic acid
large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.
nucleus
a positively charged region at the center of the atom
peptide bond
a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein
phosphate group
a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms,
Polypeptide
a repeating, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Protein synthesis
the process that cells use to create proteins
Ribose
a type of simple sugar, or carbohydrate, that our bodies make
ribosome
a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins
RNA
a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.
rRNA
part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell
Start Codon
the position at which protein translation of the mRNA into a peptide commences
Stop codon
a codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.
Thymine
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA
Transcription
the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein
Translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA
tRNA
a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein
Uracil
A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA
Vesicle
a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
