Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

three nucleotides forming genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule,

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

the types of cells found in a body

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

when young cells take on their individual characteristics and become their mature form and function

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for an amino acid.

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

a structure found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

the liquid inside the cell

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

a compound found in living tissue as a base of nucleic acids.

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

five-carbon sugar component of DNA

Question 11

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic info for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

used to describe what the DNA looks like

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)

Answer 13

a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that goes from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a unit of heredity which is passed down from parent to offspring

Question 15

enzyme

Answer 15

proteins that help speed up chemical reactions and metabolism

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make a building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Question 17

hydrogen bond

Answer 17

a special type of attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom

Question 18

mRNA

Answer 18

a molecule that contains the instructions that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery

Question 19

nitrogenous base

Answer 19

nitrogen-containing organic compounds that form an important part of the nucleic acids

Question 19

mutation

Answer 19

a change in the dna sequence of an organism

Question 20

nuclear membrane

Answer 20

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 21

Nucleotide

Answer 21

A molecule that is the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Question 21

nucleic acid

Answer 21

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

a positively charged region at the center of the atom

Question 23

peptide bond

Answer 23

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 24

phosphate group

Answer 24

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms,

Question 25

Polypeptide

Answer 25

a repeating, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 26

Protein synthesis

Answer 26

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 27

Ribose

Answer 27

a type of simple sugar, or carbohydrate, that our bodies make

Question 27

ribosome

Answer 27

a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins

Question 28

RNA

Answer 28

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses.

Question 28

rRNA

Answer 28

part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell

Question 29

Start Codon

Answer 29

the position at which protein translation of the mRNA into a peptide commences

Question 30

Stop codon

Answer 30

a codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 31

Thymine

Answer 31

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA

Question 32

Transcription

Answer 32

the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein

Question 33

Translation

Answer 33

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

Question 34

tRNA

Answer 34

a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein

Question 35

Uracil

Answer 35

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of RNA

Question 36

Vesicle

Answer 36

a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.