Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

relating to changes, especially heritable changes, in the characteristics of a cell or organism that result from altered gene expression or other effects not involving changes to the DNA sequence itself.

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined charac- teristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism composed of many cells

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

a form of gamete or reproductive cell found in the male human body.

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

the first generation of offspring

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

the result of a cross between two F1 individuals (from F1 generation).

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg Conditions

Answer 17

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the first in any genetic cross pollination experiment

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes

Question 25

population

Answer 25

a group of individuals of the same species

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

a numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another.

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors