unit 4 immunology: vaccination

Question 1

vaccinations

Answer 1

Purpose is to induce a specific primary immune response without actually getting the disease

When the actual disease is encountered, a secondary response will be launched

Question 2

types of vaccines

Answer 2

influenza and hepatitis A: injected with dead organism, inactivated, or killed vaccine

measles, mumps, rubella: Genetically altered by weakening it and allowing a immune response. getting a vaccine and feeling ill but it still. Generates the antibodies and trigger you pathways

tetanus: toxoid vaccine, injecting the proteins from tetanus and change the proteins your body still thinks is the real thing

hepatitis B, HPV: subunit vaccine, injected with a fragment of the pathogen required to stimulate the immune system

mRNA: uses host cell machinery to make protein antigens, nucleic acid vaccine

Question 3

HIV and AIDS

Answer 3

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can eventually lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

1. HIV destroys helper T cells
2. Without helper T cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells cannot function
3. Without functional B cells and cytotoxic T cells, immune system starts to fail
4. Progressive weakened immune system leads to AIDS
5. Without a strong immune system, become susceptible to infections, allowing life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive