Unit 1 endocrine system

Question 1

Gland

Answer 1

Organ that releases a secretion (hormone, enzyme, etc.)

Question 2

Exocrine glands

Answer 2

Secretion is discharged onto the surface of an epithelium (e.g. skin, digestive tract, sudoriferous glands (sweat), mammary glands, salivary glands, pancreas (acinar cells)

Question 3

Endocrine glands

Answer 3

Secretion (hormone) is discharged into
the interstitial fluid and enters the
bloodstream
ex. Pituitary gland, Thyroid, Adrenal glands, Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

A molecule (chemical messenger) that is released in one part of the body and regulates the activity if another part of the body

Question 5

functions of hormones

Answer 5

1. Stimulate secretions by exocrine gland,
2. secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands
3. Regulate metabolic reactions and changes in body’s biochemistry
4. Regulates muscle contraction and nervous stimulation
5. Regulate growth and development
6. Regulate reproduction

Question 6

8 hormones from the hypothalamus

Answer 6

-Five “releasing” hormones
stimulates the anterior pituitary
-One “inhibitory” hormone
inhibits release of a hormone from the anterior pituitary
-Two are produced in the hypothalamus
-secreted by the posterior pituitary

Question 7

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 7

Control center that targets the pituitary gland and homeostasis (blood osmotic pressure, glucose level, some hormone concentrations, temperature)

your hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior lobe through nerve impulses.

Question 8

Where things can go wrong

Answer 8

Over or under activity of endocrine glands can lead to
increased or decreased amounts, respectively, of hormone
secreted

Question 9

hyposecretion vs hypersecretion

Answer 9

Hypersecretion is when an excess of one or more hormones is secreted from a gland.
Hyposecretion is when the number of hormones that are released is too low.

Question 10

Thing go wrong for growth hormones - childhood
(anterior pituitary )

Answer 10

childhood
Pituitary dwarfism
-hyposecretion of epiphyseal plates close before normal
growth completes
-can be prevented by
administering growth
hormone before the
plates close

gigantism- abnormally large person caused by hypersecretion of calcium

Question 11

Things go wrong growth hormone- adults

Answer 11

Simmond’s disease
-hyposecretion causes weakness, weight loss, body tissue wasting away

Acromegaly
- hypersecretion causes thickening of bones and various other tissues

Question 11

things go wrong Thyroid through changed levels of thyroxin- childhood

Answer 11

Cretinism
-poor growth, lethargy,
easy weight gain,
mental delay (hyposecretion)

Question 12

Things go wrong- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

hyposecretion of ADH leads to diabetes insipidus,
can be caused by damage of the posterior pituitary or the hypothalamus
symptoms (extreme thirst and polyuria)

Question 13

Things go wrong- thyroid through changed levels of thyroxin- adult

Answer 13

Graves’ disease:
too much thyroxine, increased metabolic rate, nervous system, irritable, protruding eyes (hypersecretion, both adult and children)

myxedema:
decreased body metabolism, body tissue swelling, easy weight gain (hyposecretion, adult)

Goiter:
increase increased thyroid gland size lack of iodine in diet (hypersecretion)

Question 13

Things go wrong-cortisol

Answer 13

Cushing syndrome: redistributed of body fat (buffalo hump) face swells, become thin, Flushed facial skin, Bruising and poor wound healing, Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) , hypertension

Addisons disease Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose), Muscle weakness Mental lethargy, Weight loss