unit 2: Heart anatomy Flashcards
Apex
directly anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left
base
directed posteriorly, superiorly, and to the right
Anterior surface
deep to the sternum and ribs; inferior surface rests on the diaphragm
* Located medial to the lungs
* 2/3 on the left side
layers of the heart
Pericardium: protect the heart
Contains two layers:
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Myocardium: muscular tissue of the heart
Endocardium: the lining of the inside chambers of the heart (epithelial tissue)
Chambers
Atria: right atrium and left atrium
Ventricles: right ventricle and left ventricle
Veins and arteries leading to and from the heart
Pulmonary veins:into the left atrium
* Aorta: leaving left ventricle
* Inferior and superior vena cava: into the right atrium
*Pulmonary trunk: leaving right ventricle
Valves
Open when the chamber before it contracts, and closes when the chamber after it contracts Atrioventricular valves: found between each atrium and ventricle
Anchored by chordae tendineae which are located in the muscle of the ventricle
* Bicuspid valve = mitral valve: left side
* Tricuspid valve: right side
* Semilunar valves: found between the ventricles and the arteries leading out
* Aortic valve: left side
* Pulmonary valve: right side
pulmonary vs systemic loop
both sides of heart pump blood at same time, but blood leaving ventricles goes to two different locations
Pulmonary loop takes blood from body and carries it to lungs to be oxygenated
Systemic loop takes blood from lungs and carries oxygenated blood to rest of body
Pulmonary loop
Deoxygenated blood from the body→inferior and superior vena cava→ right atrium→tricuspid valve→right ventricle→pulmonary valve→ pulmonary trunk→pulmonary arteries→pulmonary arterioles→ pulmonary capillaries of lungs
systemic loop
Pulmonary capillaries of lungs→pulmonary venules→pulmonary veins →left atrium→bicuspid valve→left ventricle→aortic valve→aorta → body
