Unit 4 Exam AP Gov Flashcards
individualism
limited government. A political system in which there are restrictions placed on the government to protect individual rights and liberties.
equality
the same opportunity for everyone, regardless of gender, race, or social status
liberty
the freedom to practice one’s religious or political beliefs
free enterprise
an economic system where market forces determine prices, supply, and demand of goods and services without interference from the government
rule of law
citizens and political leaders are bound by the law, but government officials arbitrarily manipulate the law to advance their own interests.
limited government
A government that is subject to strict limits on its lawful uses of power, and hence on its ability to deprive people of their liberty
tracking polls
continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidates daily rise or fall in support
exit polls
polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on election day
benchmark polls
generally the first poll taken in a campaign. It is often taken before a candidate announces their bid for office, but sometimes it happens immediately following that announcement after they have had some opportunity to raise funds. This is generally a short and simple survey of likely voters.
opinion polls
a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample
keynesian economics
government should increase spending during recessions to stimulate demand and boost economic growth.
supply side economics
increases in the supply of goods lead to economic growth
agents of political socialization
friends, family, media, education
school vouchers
Money government provides to parents to pay their children’s tuition in a public or private school of their choice
fiscal policies
using government spending and taxation to influence the economy
monetary policies
the use of the money supply and interest rates by the central bank (such as the Federal Reserve in the United States) to influence the economy
example of fiscal policy
spending more or cutting taxes to stimulate an ailing economy or slashing spending or raising taxes to rein in inflation or reduce external vulnerabilities.
example of monetary policy
a central bank increases the discount rate, the cost of borrowing for the banks increases
libertarian views
seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, emphasizing equality before the law and civil rights to freedom of association, freedom of speech, freedom of thought and freedom of choice.
conservative views
a strong national defense, gun rights, capital punishment, and a defense of Western culture from perceived threats posed by communism and moral relativism.
progressive views
favor public policy that they theorise will reduce or lessen the harmful effects of economic inequality as well as systemic discrimination such as institutional racism; to advocate for social safety nets and workers’ rights;
socialist views
common or public ownership of resources and means of production leads to a more equal society.
