APHG Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Mediterranean climate

Answer 1

hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters

Question 2

Tropical Climate

Answer 2

There is no winter season, and annual rainfall is large and exceeds the annual evaporation.

Question 3

Wheat

Answer 3

Wheat needs a little bit of rain-to grow, but not too much.

Question 4

Intensive Agriculture

Answer 4

High intensity labor, smaller land area used, large amounts of capital -> typically closer to urban centers. More money invested and higher yields. Tends to rely more on technology.

Question 5

Extensive Agriculture

Answer 5

Less intensity labor, more land area used, small amounts of capital -> typically further from urban centers. Less money invested and less yields. Do not use as much technology.

Question 6

Market/commercial gardening/truck farming

Answer 6

a form of agriculture where ornamental or food-producing plants are grown on small plots of land.
Common in Places that have longer growing seasons
Fruits and veggies, including those sold for canning and freezing (specialty crops)

Question 7

plantation agriculture

Answer 7

commercial farming on a large scale based on one or two “cash crops”
Usually in less developed countries (LDC’s) and former colonies

Question 8

mixed crop and livestock

Answer 8

integration of crops and livestock
Most common in Europe and US
The crops are primarily fed to animals and not humans

Question 9

nomadic herding

Answer 9

a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze.

Question 10

shifting cultivation

Answer 10

an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored (Also known as “slash and burn”, is most effective in humid areas with large forests)

Question 11

cluster settlement pattern

Answer 11

people are concentrated close together

Question 12

dispersed settlement pattern

Answer 12

when people settle in a less concentrated pattern

Question 13

linear settlement pattern

Answer 13

buildings are in a straight line, typically run along a fixed landscape (like a river, canal, or road)

Question 14

metes

Answer 14

straight boundaries that do not take natural boundaries into account

Question 15

metes and bounds

Answer 15

consists of irregularly shaped property boundaries that utilize landscape features. It is used in the eastern part of the United States.

Question 16

bounds

Answer 16

existing boundaries like a river or a line of trees.

Question 17

long lots

Answer 17

land is divided into narrow lots perpendicular to a river, road, or canal

Question 18

township and range

Answer 18

creates a geometric grid pattern of six miles by six miles. It is typically used in the western part of the US -> led to more dispersed settlements.

Question 19

first agricultural revolution/neolithic revolution

Answer 19

~8000 B.C.E.
Coincides with end of last global ice age
It’s possible more humans preferred to stay in one place and noticed over time that discarded food/plants produced new one, that rain helped plants grow
Domesticating animals

Question 20

columbian exchange

Answer 20

Impact of European exploration and colonialism on diffusion of food, crops, and animals (and diseases)

Question 21

Second agricultural revolution

Answer 21

Started in England in the late 17th to early 18th centuries
Then spread to the rest of Europe, North America, and around the world
Involved the introduction of new crop rotation techniques to replenish soil nutrients, less monocropping, the mechanization of farming, and selective breeding of livestock

Question 22

green revolution

Answer 22

Started in the 1970s– rapid invention and diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques
The use of high yield seeds that mature faster - huge impact on wheat production
Increased use of chemicals such as pesticides
Increased use of nitrogen based fertilizer
More mechanized farming
(Spread from MDCs to LDCs.)

Question 23

subsistence agriculture

Answer 23

Production of food primarily for the farmer’s family. Mostly found in developing countries.

Question 24

commercial agriculture

Answer 24

Production of cash crops and other products for sale off the farm. Mostly found in developed countries

Question 25

agribusiness

Answer 25

agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.

Question 26

complex commodity chain

Answer 26

an organized network of labor and production processes, which starts with the extraction of raw materials & concludes with the transportation of the finished product to the market.

Question 27

fair trade

Answer 27

a trading partnership that consists of MDCs seeking equity for workers in LDCs by using their products

Question 28

urban farming

Answer 28

various practices of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in urban areas

Question 29

community supported agriculture (CSA)

Question 30

soil salinization

Question 31

food deserts