Unit 4: Energy Systems Flashcards
What are the types of macronutrients? (4)
- lipids
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- water
What are the types of micronutrients? (3)
- vitamins
- minerals
- trace elements
What is the function of carbohydrates?
metabolic fuel and energy store
What is the atomic ratio of a carbohydrate?
C1H2O1
monosaccharide
simplest carbohydrate and is easily absorbed by human body
disaccharides
2 monosaccharides bonded together
polysaccharides
many monosaccharides bonded
Glucose (3)
- monosaccharide
- broken down by cells to provide energy
- C6H12O6
Condensation Reaction (2)
- bond molecules
- one water molecules is removed for each bond formed
Hydrolysis Reactions (2)
- break apart molecules
- one water molecules is added for each bond broken
What are examples of polysaccharides? (3)
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
Starch (2)
- a polymer of glucose
- used by plants to store glucose when it it not needed by cells for energy
Glycogen (3)
- polymer of glucose
- used by animals to store glucose when it’s not needed for energy
- stored in liver and skeletal muscle
Cellulose (4)
- a polymer of glucose
- a micronutrient
- in cell walls of plants and helps prevent disease when ingested
- dietary fiber
dietary fiber
indigestible molecule
What are the functions of fats? (4)
- energy source
- energy storage
- protects internal organs
- insulates and helps maintain internal body temperature
What is the monomer of a fat?
triacylglycerols
What is the structure of a triacylglycerol? (2)
- 1 glycerol
- 3 fatty acid tails
What is the structure of a fatty acid? (2)
- carboxyl groups
- hydrocarbon tail
Saturated
only single bonds in hydrocarbon tail
Unsaturated
1or more double bonds in hydrocarbon tail
Where do saturated fats originate from? (2)
- animal sources
- tropical oils
What do saturated fats do?
raise cholesterol
Where do unsaturated fats originate from?
plant oils (ex: olive oil and avocado)