Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB SL Sport Exercise Health Science I > Unit 3: Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Unit 3: Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principle structures of the ventilatory system? (9)

A
  • nose
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • lungs
  • alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nose and Mouth

A

breath oxygen rich air into system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

branches to form esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trachea (2)

A
  • carries air into your lungs
  • tube from larynx to bronchi that conveys air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Larynx

A

upper opening into trachea that contains muscles, cartilages, and vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchi

A

passageways that connect the trachea and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bronchioles

A

smaller branches of bronchi that increase surface area for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alveoli

A

small air sacs where gas exchange happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What parts of the respiratory system contribute to the conduction of airways? (3)

A
  • nasal/oral passages
  • trachea
  • bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the overall function of conducting airways? (3)

A
  • low resistance path for air
  • warming, moistening of the air
  • air filtration by lining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the nose as a conducting airway?

A

humidifies and filters entering air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the pharynx as a conducting airway?

A

a low resistance path for airflow into the larynx and then trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the larynx (voicebox) as a conducting airway?

A

protects trachea from invasion of foods and fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

a muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and inflates the lungs for breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does pulmonary ventilation mean?

A

breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does air move?

A

from high to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Respiratory Cycle

A

one sequence of inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inspiration (2)

A
  • inhalation
  • air moves into the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Expiration (2)

A
  • exhalation
  • moves air out the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during inspiration at rest? (3)

A
  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostal muscles contract
  • lung volume increases and air pressure decreases —> air moves into lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens as the diaphragm contracts during inspiration at rest?

A

it moves inferiorly, creating a larger cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens as the external intercostal muscles contract during inspiration at rest?

A

it moves the ribs up and out, causing the rib cage to expand

24
Q

What happens during exhalation at rest? (3)

A
  • diaphragm relaxes
  • external intercostal muscles relax
  • lung volume decreases and air pressure increases —> air moves out lungs
25
Q

When is breathing passive?

A

during expiration at rest

26
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes during exhalation at rest?

A

it moves up making a smaller thoracic cavity

27
Q

What happens when the external intercostal muscles relax during exhalation at rest?

A

the ribs move down and in causing the rib cage to relax

28
Q

What happens to pulmonary ventilation during exercise?

A
  • more oxygen is needed by the muscles
  • more carbon dioxide is released by the muscles
  • more air needs to be inhaled and exhaled at a faster rate, so we need more muscles to contract and expand the rib cage
29
Q

What additional muscles are put to work when doing exercise? (2)

A
  • internal intercostals muscles
  • muscles of shoulders and abdomen
30
Q

When is energy required for breathing? (3)

A
  • inspiration at rest
  • inspiration during exercise
  • exhalation during exercise
31
Q

What happens to the muscles during inhalation during exercise? (2)

A
  • internal intercostal muscles relax
  • external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
32
Q

What happens to the muscles during expiration during exercise? (2)

A
  • external intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
  • internal intercostal muscles contract
33
Q

Spirometry (2)

A
  • test used to measure breathing in humans
  • measures the volume rate that air is inhaled and exhaled over time
34
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath

34
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

35
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcefully

36
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air in lungs after maximal exhalation

37
Q

total lung capacity (2)

A
  • volume of air in lungs after a maximum inhalation
  • vital capacity + residual volume
38
Q

vital capacity

A

maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

39
Q

How does lung volume relate to trained v. untrained athletes? (2)

A
  • lung volume can’t be trained
  • lung volume is determined by natural body size
40
Q

How does the rate of exhalation relate to trained v. untrained athletes? (2)

A
  • rate of exhalation can be trained with exercise
  • muscles controlling exhalation can be worked
41
Q

cellular respiration (2)

A
  • metabolic process that produces energy from food molecules
  • requires O2 and produces CO2
42
Q

What is increased during exercise? (2)

A
  • breathing rate
  • tidal volume
43
Q

When does blood pH change?

A

when the amount of CO2 changes

44
Q

What monitors blood pH?

A

the brain

45
Q

What does the body do in response to increased CO2 levels?

A

faster and deeper breathing

46
Q

oxygen deficit

A

when the body cannot deliver enough oxygen to the muscle cells during exercise

47
Q

What factors regulate ventilation? (3)

A
  • gas partial pressure
  • body temperature
  • hormones
48
Q

What receptors send signals to the brain that properly regulate ventilation? (3)

A
  • chemoreceptors
  • pulmonary stretch receptors
  • muscle proprioceptors
49
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

detect changes in blood pH

50
Q

Pulmonary stretch receptors

A

respond to stretching of the lung during breathing

51
Q

Muscle proprioceptors

A

detect changes in the tension and pressure involved in breathing

52
Q

partial pressure of gas

A

measure of concentration of the gas in a mixture

53
Q

Hemoglobin (4)

A
  • in red blood cells
  • high affinity for O2
  • transports most O2 in the blood and CO2
  • iron containing protein
54
Q

When does oxygen easily bind to hemoglobin?

A

in capillaries near lungs where O2 partial pressure is high

55
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A
  • carry O2 from the lungs to the tissue
  • carry CO2 from tissues to lungs

IB SL Sport Exercise Health Science I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions