Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB SL Sport Exercise Health Science I > IB Exam Review Unit 3 > Flashcards

IB Exam Review Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many principle structures of the ventilatory system are there?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the principle structures of the ventilatory system? (9)

A
  • nose
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • lungs
  • alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nose and Mouth

A

breath oxygen rich air into system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharynx

A

branches to form esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trachea

A

carries air to your lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Larynx

A

upper opening into trachea that contains muscles cartilages, and vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchi

A

passageways that connect trachea and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bronchioles (2)

A
  • smaller branches of bronchi
  • increase surface area for gas exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alveoli

A

small air sacs where gas exchange happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some conducting airways? (3)

A
  • nasal/oral passages
  • trachea
  • bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of conducting airways? (3)

A
  • low resistance path for air
  • warming, moistening of air
  • air filtration by lining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the nose as a conducting airway?

A

humifies and filters entering air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the pharynx as a conducting airway?

A

a low resistance path for airflow into the larynx and then trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the larynx as a conducting airway?

A

protecting the trachea from invasion of foods and fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diaphragm (2)

A
  • muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen
  • its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and inflates the lungs for breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens during inspiration at rest? (4)

A
  • diaphragm contracts, creating a larger thoracic cavity
  • external intercostal muscles contract, moves ribs up and out making the rib cage expand
  • lung volume increases and air pressure decreases
  • air moves into the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during exhalation at rest? (4)

A
  • diaphragm relaxes, creating a smaller thoracic cavity
  • external intercostal muscles relax, moves ribs down and in making the rib cage contract
  • lung volume decreases and air pressure increases
  • air moves out lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is different about pulmonary ventilation during exercise? (2)

A
  • more oxygen is needed by muscles
  • more carbon dioxide is released by muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What additional muscles work during ventilation during exercise? (3)

A
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • muscles of abdomen
  • muscles of shoulders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is energy for muscle contraction used for? (3)

A
  • inspiration at rest
  • inspiration during exercise
  • expiration during exercise
20
Q

What happens during inhalation during exercise? (2)

A
  • ribcage up and out
  • internal intercostal muscles relax
  • external intercostal muscles contract
21
Q

What happens during exhalation during exercise? (3)

A
  • ribcage down and in
  • externa intercostal muscles relax
  • internal intercostal muscles contract
22
Q

Spirometry (2)

A
  • test used to measure pulmonary ventilation in humans
  • measures the volume and rate of air inhaled and exhaled over a period of time
23
Q

Tidal Volume

A

volume of air breathed in and out in one normal breath

24
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

25
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcefully

26
Q

Residual Volume

A

volume of air in lung after a maximal exhalation

27
Q

Total Lung Capacity (2)

A
  • volume of air in lungs after a maximum inhalation
  • the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume
28
Q

Vital Capacity

A

maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

29
Q

Lung Volumes (2)

A
  • can’t be trained
  • are mostly determined by natural body size
30
Q

Rate of Exhalation (2)

A
  • can be trained with exercise
  • muscle controlling exhalation can be worked
  • a very sensitive marker of lung function
31
Q

Cellular Respiration

A
  • metabolic process that produces energy from food molecules
  • requires O2 and produces CO2 as waste
32
Q

What is increased during exercise? (2)

A
  • breathing rate
  • tidal volume
33
Q

How does the brain regulate breathing rate?

A

brain monitors blood pH and alters breathing rate accordingly

34
Q

How is blood pH related to ventilation?

A
  • blood becomes more acidic when carbon dioxide levels rise
  • lower blood pH = more acidic
  • faster/deeper breathing expels CO2 and raises blood pH
35
Q

Oxygen Deficit (2)

A
  • when the body cannot deliver enough oxygen to the muscle cells during exercise
  • caused by exercise when there is an increase in blood CO2
36
Q

How many receptors send signals to the brain to regulate ventilation appropriately?

A

3

37
Q

What receptors send signals to the brain? (3)

A
  • chemoreceptors
  • pulmonary stretch receptors
  • muscle proprioceptors
38
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

detects changes in blood pH

39
Q

Pulmonary Stretch Receptors

A

respond to stretching of the lung describing breaths

40
Q

Muscle Proprioceptors

A

detect changes in the tension and pressure of muscle involved in breathing

41
Q

Alveoli (4)

A
  • air sacs where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place
  • numerous and cover a large surface area
  • have thin walls so gases have a short distance to diffuse
  • have a good blood supply
42
Q

How do gasses enter and exit the alveoli?

A

O2 and CO2 move across a thin barrier that separates alveoli from passing blood

43
Q

Partial Pressure of Gas

A

measure of concentration of the gas in a mixture

44
Q

What causes gas exchange in the correct directions? (4)

A
  • air in alveoli has higher O2 pressure than blood
  • O2 moves from alveoli to blood
  • blood has higher CO2 pressure than alveoli
  • CO2 moves from blood alveoli
45
Q

How is the pressure gradient between blood and alveoli?

A

it is maintained due to ventilation and blood flow

46
Q
A
47
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • in red blood cells
  • high affinity for O2
  • transports most O2 in the blood and CO2
  • iron containing protein
48
Q
A

IB SL Sport Exercise Health Science I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions