Unit 4: Energy Processes

Question 1

mesophyll

Answer 1

tissue in the interior of the leaf in which chloroplasts are mainly found

Question 2

stomata

Answer 2

microscopic pores on a leaf. Allow CO2 to enter and oxygen to exit

Question 3

veins

Answer 3

deliver water from roots to leaves and export sugar from leaves

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

a green pigment that resides in thylakoid membranes of plants
-absorbs light energy

Question 5

Formula of Photosynthesis

Answer 5

6CO2+ 6H20+Energy – C6H1206+ 6O2

-endergonic

Question 6

light reactions

Answer 6

the steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)

• water is split, providing electrons, H+, and 02
• absorbed light drives the transfer of electrons and H+ from water to NADP+

Question 7

Calvin Cycle

Answer 7

carbon is fixated, incorporated into an organic molecule, Calvin cycle adds electrons, reducing fixed carbon to a carbohydrate
-occurs in the stroma

Question 8

Light used in photosynthesis

Answer 8

380nm to 750 nm (visible light) drive photosynthesis

-chlorophyll absorbs violet-blue and red light, reflects green

Question 9

photons

Answer 9

discrete particles of light, explains many of light’s properties
-shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each wavelength

Question 10

pigments

Answer 10

substances that absorb light

Question 11

chlorophyll a

Answer 11

pigment that participates directly in light reactions

Question 12

chlorophyll b

Answer 12

an accessory pigment, broadens the spectre of colors that can by used for photosynthesis

Question 13

carotenoids

Answer 13

a group of accessory pigments

• hydrocarbons, that are usually yellow or orange
• absorb and dissipate excessive light energy which could cause damage

Question 14

photosystem

Answer 14

composed of a reaction-center complex surrounded by several light-harvesting complexes

Question 15

reaction-center complex

Answer 15

an organized association of proteins holding a special pair a special pair of chlorophyll molecules

• in PSII; P680 pigments
• in PSI- P700 pigments

Question 16

light harvesting complex

Answer 16

-various pigment molecules bound to proteins

Question 17

Linear Electron Flow

Answer 17

flow of electrons through the photosystems and other molecular components built into the thylakoid membrane

Question 18

Cyclic Electron Flow

Answer 18

an electron path that uses PSI but not PSII

• electrons cycle back fro the primary accpetor, to ferredoxin, to the cytochrome complex, to plastocyanin
• their is no production of NADPH or O2 but does release ATP