Organic Molecules Flashcards
Carbohydrates Monomer
Monosaccharide
Carb: Distinguishing atoms
made up mostly of C, H, O
C:H:O ratios of 1:2:1
Carbohydrate Properties
long molecules made up mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate Functions
store glucose as an energy reserve, sometimes provide structural support for cells
Examples of Carbohydrates
Cellulose: makes up plant cell walls
Chitin: makes up exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls in mushrooms
Starch: used for storage in plants
Glycogen: “animal starch”
Protein Monomer
Amino acid
Protein Distinguishing atoms and properties
- depiction of peptide bonds and amino and carboxyl groups
- very long, folded molecular chains
Protein function
-variety of different functions such as storage, signaling, movement, transporting, and defense
Protein examples
enzymes and antibodies
Lipids Distinguishing atoms and properties
- C:H ratio of about 1:2
- very little O, may contain P and N
- hydrophobic
- one glycerol and three fatty acids (hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl at end)
Lipid functions
can provide energy, insulation, or control of body’s metabolic functions
Lipid examples
cholesterol, sex hormones, and fats
Nucleic acid monomer
nucleotide
Nucleic acid distinguishing atoms
-each nucleotide is made of a sugar, a nitrogenouse base, and a phosphate group
Nucleic acid properties
- DNA molecules made up of two nucleotide chains in a double-helix shape
- RNA molecules have single nucleotide chain
