Unit 4 Endocrine System

Question 1

Diabetes Melitus

Answer 1

Includes: Type 1 (5-10%) and Type 2 (90-95%) and gestational diabetes ( 2-10% during pregnancies)

Disturbance in metabolism and use of glucose. Malfunction of beta cells in the pancreas. Homeostasis is disrupted.

Question 2

Beta Cells

Answer 2

Produce insulin

Question 3

Alpha Cells

Answer 3

Produce Glucagon

Question 4

Glucagon

Answer 4

A hormone secreted by the pancreas

Breaks glycogen into glucose

Question 5

Glycogen

Answer 5

Storage from of glucose

Found in he liver and throughout the body

Question 6

Polydipsia

Answer 6

Excessive thirst

Question 7

Polyphagia

Answer 7

Increased hunger

Question 8

Polyuria

Answer 8

Increase urine production

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

Is what we eat, usable form of sugar in the body. Left overs get stored as glycogen.

Question 10

Ketosis

Answer 10

Excess ketones in the blood

Question 11

Ketoacidosis

Answer 11

Metabolic acidosis

Question 12

Ketouria

Answer 12

Ketones in the urine

Question 13

Pituitary Gland

Answer 13

Master gland, both anterior and posterior
Secretes: ADH= Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
GH= Growth Hormone
TSH= Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Andrenocorticotropic Hormone
Gonadotropic Hormone

Question 14

Glycogenesis

Answer 14

Glucose converted to glycogen and stored for later

Question 15

Glycogenolysis

Answer 15

Glycogen broken down to glucose, carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

Breakdown of amino acids and glycerol (found in lipids) for energy, resulting in ketones

All body cells except red blood cells and neurons can perform this in absence of dietary glucose.

Question 17

Ketones

Answer 17

Ketones should not be present in the blood. They indicate alcoholism, fasting, high protein diet, poorly controlled diabetes, or starvation.

A from of acetone

Question 18

Glucouria

Answer 18

Excess sugar in the urine

Question 19

Capillary Glucose Monitoring

Answer 19

Machine used to test the concentration of glucose in the blood

Question 20

Fasting BLood Sugar

Answer 20

A test that determined how much glucose is in the blood after not eating overnight.

Question 21

A1c

Answer 21

Blood test used to diagnose type 1 and 2 diabetes. Measures what percentage of your hemoglobin is coated with sugar.