Unit 4 day 1

Question 1

What is DNA considered?

Answer 1

It is considered a blueprint

Question 2

What did Friedrich Miescher discover?

Answer 2

He discovered nucleic acids.

Question 3

What is transformation?

Answer 3

It is the transfer of information.

Question 4

Information determining virulence could pass from killed what strains into live strains?

Answer 4

Streptococcus

Question 5

What does virulence mean?

Answer 5

It means harshness/severe.

Question 6

The transforming material is most likely what?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

The removal of protein did not destroy the ability of killed strains to transform live strains but removal of what did destroy the transforming ability?

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

What are bacteriophages?

Answer 8

viruses that infect bacteria

Question 9

What are bacteriophages composed of?

Answer 9

only DNA and protein.

Question 10

Bacteriophage DNA was labeled with what?

Answer 10

Radioactive phosphorus.

Question 11

What is the short hand version of Radioactive phosphorus?

Answer 11

32P

Question 12

Bacteriophage protein was labeled with what?

Answer 12

Radioactive sulfur

Question 13

What is the shorthand for radioactive sulfur?

Answer 13

35S

Question 14

DNA is what?

Answer 14

Genetic material

Question 15

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 15

A nitrogenous base at the 1’ carbon, a phosphate group at the 5’ carbon and a hydroxyl group at the 3’ carbon.

Question 16

Nucleotides are polymerized to form what?

Answer 16

Nucleic acids

Question 17

What is a phosphodiester bond formed between?

Answer 17

The 5’ phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl of the next nucleotide.

Question 18

Each chain of nucleotides has a what to what orientation?

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

What does the Chargaff’s rules state?

Answer 19

Amount of adenine= amount of thymine. Amount of cytosine= amount of guanine

Question 20

What are some components of the DNA structure that was discovered?

Answer 20

It is helical, the diameter is 2nm, and it makes a complete turn every 3.4 nm.

Question 21

It was also proposed that DNA is a what structure?

Answer 21

Double helix.

Question 22

What does the double helix consist of?

Answer 22

2 sugar-phosphate backbones.

Question 23

Bases toward the interior of one strand form H bonds with what on the opposite strand?

Answer 23

Complementary bases.

Question 24

The two strands are what?

Answer 24

Antiparallel.

Question 25

For DNA replication what are three possible mechanisms?

Answer 25

Conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive.

Question 26

Which of the 3 possible mechanisms proved to be correct?

Answer 26

Semi conservativism.

Question 27

What is initiation?

Answer 27

It is the replication that begins at an origin.

Question 28

What is elongation?

Answer 28

It is new strands of DNA that are synthesized by the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Question 29

What is Termination?

Answer 29

It is replication that is terminated differently in prokaryotes ( circular chromosomes) and eukaryotes (linear chromosomes)

Question 30

DNA polymerases bind to an origin and replication proceeds in what around the chromosomes?

Answer 30

In both directions.

Question 31

What is a double helix unzipped by?

Answer 31

The enzyme helicase.

Question 32

What is primase?

Answer 32

It is an enzyme that adds a short RNA primer sequence.

Question 33

What is DNA polymerase III (pol III)?

Answer 33

It is an enzyme that adds nucleotides one at a time to the 3’ end of the new daughter strand of DNA.

Question 34

DNA replication is what?

Answer 34

Semi discontinuous

Question 35

Pol III Can only add nucleotides to the what end of the new strand?

Answer 35

3’

Question 36

The what is synthesized continuously?

Answer 36

The leading strand.

Question 37

The what is synthesized discontinuously?

Answer 37

The lagging strand

Question 38

Replication moves in what synthesizing both strands simultaneously?

Answer 38

One direction