Unit 1 exam review Flashcards
Understand all the cards, not just memorize them
What are the components of life?
The components of life are carbon and water
What is life?
It must be able to replicate itself without aid of another organism.
State and explain the types of hypothesis
Alternative and Null. Alternative is the one that predicts anything other than the null hypothesis. The null is the one that makes a prediction about what will be tested.
In the case of testing how high a certain type of plant grows based on the amount of soil used. Identify the independent and dependent variable
The Independent variable in this case would be the amount of soil used. The dependent variable would be the height of the plant.
Compare inductive and deductive reasoning
Inductive starts specific and gets general. Deductive starts general and gets specific. Deductive is mostly what we use in lab
How are atoms composed like the three things?
In an atom there are protons, neutrons, and elections. Protons are positive and are located in the nucleus. Neutrons are neutral and are located in the nucleus as well. Finally, the electrons are negatively charged and are located in the orbitals.
What is an isotope?
An isotope are atoms with the same element that have different atomic mass due to different number of neutrons.
What are the four elements to make up the human body and what percent of the human body weight do they make up?
The four elements are Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. They make up 96.3% of the human body weight.
What are Valance electrons, where can they be found and what are they available to do?
They are electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. They are found on the periodic table as the column number. They are available to react.
What is “Redox”
Redox stands for reduction and oxidation. Reduction means gaining an election. Oxidation means losing an election.
What do covalent and hydrogen bonds hold together?
Covalent bonds hold water to water. Hydrogen bonds hold water to hydrogen to water.
How is electronegativity described as?
It is described as an atoms love for elections
What do chemical reaction involve?
They involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds.
What influences if a chemical reaction occurs or not?
Temperature. The more heat the faster it will happen. Concentration of reactants and products. Also, the availability of a catalyst (protein).
What are water bonds described as?
They are polar covalent
What is the moto for this unit?
Shape= function
What do all living organisms depend on?
They depend on water
what is cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion is when water molecules stick to other water molecules by hydrogen bonding. Adhesion is when water molecules stick to other polar molecules by hydrogen bonding.
What is the cause of capillary action and what is capillary action?
It is the movement of a liquid along the surface of a solid. The cause for it is the adhesive forces exerted by glass exceeding cohesive forces between water molecules.
The six properties of water are what?
- high specific heat 2. high heat of vaporization 3. solid water is less dense than liquid water 4. it is a good solvent 5. It organizes nonpolar molecules 6. it can form ions
What is a buffer?
It is a chemical that accepts and releases H^+1 as is necessary to keep the pH constant.
Describe isomers
Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula. Structure, geometric and enantiomer (like right and left hand) ( also called Chiral)
Compare Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis is the breaking of bonds by adding water. Dehydration synthesis is formation of bonds by the production of water. It pulls water out.
