Chapter 10 Unit 3

Question 1

In what way do Prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 1

Binary Fission

Question 2

Binary Fission is how what and what divide inside eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide.

Question 3

What are the two ways cells divide in Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 4

What does Mitosis deal with?

Answer 4

It deals with body cells.

Question 5

What does meiosis deal with?

Answer 5

It deals with sexual cells.

Question 6

What is the difference between somatic and germ cells?

Answer 6

Somatic is only programmed to do mitosis. Germ is only programed to do meiosis.

Question 7

Is mitosis a genetic copy, or something entirely different?

Answer 7

Mitosis is a genetic copy. Meiosis is something entirely different.

Question 8

Take out paper and draw the cell cycle.

Answer 8

Now look up picture to see if I drew it correctly

Question 9

What do chromosomes stick to?

Answer 9

They stick to the cell membrane.

Question 10

What does a septum do?

Answer 10

It forms to divide cells and is in the space between the cells.

Question 11

What does it mean when bacteria grows?

Answer 11

They grow more, they do not grow in size.

Question 12

In binary fission in prokaryotes where do new chromosomes move to?

Answer 12

They move to opposite ends or poles of the cell.

Question 13

For eukaryotic chromosomes each species has a what of linear chromosomes?

Answer 13

A different number.

Question 14

What are the linear chromosomes each composed of?

Answer 14

They are composed of chromatin

Question 15

What is heterochromatin?

Answer 15

It is not expressed so therefore it does not code for protein. It puts the genes in order.

Question 16

What is another name for heterochromatin?

Answer 16

Junk DNA

Question 17

What is euchromatin?

Answer 17

It is expressed and transcribes for the proteins. It is all that is left.

Question 18

How is the shape of chromosomes described?

Answer 18

It is described at long and must be condensed to allow easy sorting and separation.

Question 19

What is Nucleosome?

Answer 19

It is DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins spaced 200 nucleotides apart.

Question 20

What or what is created by farther coiling?

Answer 20

30-nm fiber or solenoid

Question 21

What is highly organized and is organized by coiling?

Answer 21

Chromatin

Question 22

How do you know when something is interphase?

Answer 22

When the nucleus is round.

Question 23

What are Kinetochore?

Answer 23

It is the handles for the spindle fibers.

Question 24

Most cells regarding eukaryotic chromosomes have how many versions of each chromosomes, and what are they?

Answer 24

2 and 2N or Diploid

Question 25

These are what chromosomes, which have similar genes at identical locations along the DNA molecules?

Answer 25

Homologous

Question 26

For each pair of homologous chromosomes one chromosome comes from where and the other comes from where?

Answer 26

One comes from the mother via the egg and one comes from the father via the sperm.

Question 27

What are alleles?

Answer 27

The same gene but different variations.

Question 28

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 28

They are replicated chromosomes

Question 29

Sister chromatids are connected at what region by what?

Answer 29

In the centromere region by cohesion protein.

Question 30

Where is the cohesion protein?

Answer 30

It is in the outside of the centromere.

Question 31

Different species have different what?

Answer 31

Number of chromosomes

Question 32

Genes do not equal the number of what?

Answer 32

The number of proteins

Question 33

What is mitosis?

Answer 33

It is the cell division in which all of the chromosomes are replicated which is followed by a single division done in a manner that creates two identical 2N cells from a single 2N cell.

Question 34

The process of mitosis is used for what?

Answer 34

Ordinary somatic cell division which is the multicellular growth.

Question 35

What basically is Karyotype?

Answer 35

It is what chromosomes you have.

Question 36

For Karyotype what number represents the largest chromosome?

Answer 36

1

Question 37

What are the five stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 37

1. G1- growth phase 1 2. S- synthesis 3. G2- growth phase 2 4. M- mitosis or meiosis, depending on type of cell 5. C- cytokinesis

Question 38

Does the time of the cell cycle vary?

Answer 38

Yes, it varies greatly

Question 39

What phases are part of interphase?

Answer 39

G1, S and G2

Question 40

What is G1?

Answer 40

It is cell growth

Question 41

What is S phase?

Answer 41

It is DNA replication, 2 sister chromatids are produced from each chromosomes.

Question 42

What is G2?

Answer 42

It is chromosomes condense.

Question 43

What is Centromere?

Answer 43

It is what follows the S phase and sister chromatids appear to share a region of DNA.