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Biology 111 > Chapter 10 Unit 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what way do Prokaryotic cells divide?

A

Binary Fission

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2
Q

Binary Fission is how what and what divide inside eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide.

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3
Q

What are the two ways cells divide in Eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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4
Q

What does Mitosis deal with?

A

It deals with body cells.

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5
Q

What does meiosis deal with?

A

It deals with sexual cells.

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6
Q

What is the difference between somatic and germ cells?

A

Somatic is only programmed to do mitosis. Germ is only programed to do meiosis.

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7
Q

Is mitosis a genetic copy, or something entirely different?

A

Mitosis is a genetic copy. Meiosis is something entirely different.

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8
Q

Take out paper and draw the cell cycle.

A

Now look up picture to see if I drew it correctly

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9
Q

What do chromosomes stick to?

A

They stick to the cell membrane.

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10
Q

What does a septum do?

A

It forms to divide cells and is in the space between the cells.

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11
Q

What does it mean when bacteria grows?

A

They grow more, they do not grow in size.

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12
Q

In binary fission in prokaryotes where do new chromosomes move to?

A

They move to opposite ends or poles of the cell.

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13
Q

For eukaryotic chromosomes each species has a what of linear chromosomes?

A

A different number.

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14
Q

What are the linear chromosomes each composed of?

A

They are composed of chromatin

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15
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

It is not expressed so therefore it does not code for protein. It puts the genes in order.

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16
Q

What is another name for heterochromatin?

A

Junk DNA

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17
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

It is expressed and transcribes for the proteins. It is all that is left.

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18
Q

How is the shape of chromosomes described?

A

It is described at long and must be condensed to allow easy sorting and separation.

19
Q

What is Nucleosome?

A

It is DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins spaced 200 nucleotides apart.

20
Q

What or what is created by farther coiling?

A

30-nm fiber or solenoid

21
Q

What is highly organized and is organized by coiling?

A

Chromatin

22
Q

How do you know when something is interphase?

A

When the nucleus is round.

23
Q

What are Kinetochore?

A

It is the handles for the spindle fibers.

24
Q

Most cells regarding eukaryotic chromosomes have how many versions of each chromosomes, and what are they?

A

2 and 2N or Diploid

25
Q

These are what chromosomes, which have similar genes at identical locations along the DNA molecules?

A

Homologous

26
Q

For each pair of homologous chromosomes one chromosome comes from where and the other comes from where?

A

One comes from the mother via the egg and one comes from the father via the sperm.

27
Q

What are alleles?

A

The same gene but different variations.

28
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

They are replicated chromosomes

29
Q

Sister chromatids are connected at what region by what?

A

In the centromere region by cohesion protein.

30
Q

Where is the cohesion protein?

A

It is in the outside of the centromere.

31
Q

Different species have different what?

A

Number of chromosomes

32
Q

Genes do not equal the number of what?

A

The number of proteins

33
Q

What is mitosis?

A

It is the cell division in which all of the chromosomes are replicated which is followed by a single division done in a manner that creates two identical 2N cells from a single 2N cell.

34
Q

The process of mitosis is used for what?

A

Ordinary somatic cell division which is the multicellular growth.

35
Q

What basically is Karyotype?

A

It is what chromosomes you have.

36
Q

For Karyotype what number represents the largest chromosome?

A

1

37
Q

What are the five stages of the cell cycle?

A
  1. G1- growth phase 1
  2. S- synthesis
  3. G2- growth phase 2
  4. M- mitosis or meiosis, depending on type of cell
  5. C- cytokinesis
38
Q

Does the time of the cell cycle vary?

A

Yes, it varies greatly

39
Q

What phases are part of interphase?

A

G1, S and G2

40
Q

What is G1?

A

It is cell growth

41
Q

What is S phase?

A

It is DNA replication, 2 sister chromatids are produced from each chromosomes.

42
Q

What is G2?

A

It is chromosomes condense.

43
Q

What is Centromere?

A

It is what follows the S phase and sister chromatids appear to share a region of DNA.

Biology 111 (12 decks)

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