Chapter 10 Unit 3 Flashcards
In what way do Prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary Fission
Binary Fission is how what and what divide inside eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide.
What are the two ways cells divide in Eukaryotic cells?
Mitosis and Meiosis
What does Mitosis deal with?
It deals with body cells.
What does meiosis deal with?
It deals with sexual cells.
What is the difference between somatic and germ cells?
Somatic is only programmed to do mitosis. Germ is only programed to do meiosis.
Is mitosis a genetic copy, or something entirely different?
Mitosis is a genetic copy. Meiosis is something entirely different.
Take out paper and draw the cell cycle.
Now look up picture to see if I drew it correctly
What do chromosomes stick to?
They stick to the cell membrane.
What does a septum do?
It forms to divide cells and is in the space between the cells.
What does it mean when bacteria grows?
They grow more, they do not grow in size.
In binary fission in prokaryotes where do new chromosomes move to?
They move to opposite ends or poles of the cell.
For eukaryotic chromosomes each species has a what of linear chromosomes?
A different number.
What are the linear chromosomes each composed of?
They are composed of chromatin
What is heterochromatin?
It is not expressed so therefore it does not code for protein. It puts the genes in order.
What is another name for heterochromatin?
Junk DNA
What is euchromatin?
It is expressed and transcribes for the proteins. It is all that is left.
How is the shape of chromosomes described?
It is described at long and must be condensed to allow easy sorting and separation.
What is Nucleosome?
It is DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins spaced 200 nucleotides apart.
What or what is created by farther coiling?
30-nm fiber or solenoid
What is highly organized and is organized by coiling?
Chromatin
How do you know when something is interphase?
When the nucleus is round.
What are Kinetochore?
It is the handles for the spindle fibers.
Most cells regarding eukaryotic chromosomes have how many versions of each chromosomes, and what are they?
2 and 2N or Diploid
These are what chromosomes, which have similar genes at identical locations along the DNA molecules?
Homologous
For each pair of homologous chromosomes one chromosome comes from where and the other comes from where?
One comes from the mother via the egg and one comes from the father via the sperm.
What are alleles?
The same gene but different variations.
What are sister chromatids?
They are replicated chromosomes
Sister chromatids are connected at what region by what?
In the centromere region by cohesion protein.
Where is the cohesion protein?
It is in the outside of the centromere.
Different species have different what?
Number of chromosomes
Genes do not equal the number of what?
The number of proteins
What is mitosis?
It is the cell division in which all of the chromosomes are replicated which is followed by a single division done in a manner that creates two identical 2N cells from a single 2N cell.
The process of mitosis is used for what?
Ordinary somatic cell division which is the multicellular growth.
What basically is Karyotype?
It is what chromosomes you have.
For Karyotype what number represents the largest chromosome?
1
What are the five stages of the cell cycle?
- G1- growth phase 1
- S- synthesis
- G2- growth phase 2
- M- mitosis or meiosis, depending on type of cell
- C- cytokinesis
Does the time of the cell cycle vary?
Yes, it varies greatly
What phases are part of interphase?
G1, S and G2
What is G1?
It is cell growth
What is S phase?
It is DNA replication, 2 sister chromatids are produced from each chromosomes.
What is G2?
It is chromosomes condense.
What is Centromere?
It is what follows the S phase and sister chromatids appear to share a region of DNA.
