Unit 4 - Cell Replication Vocab

Question 1

Active Immunity

Answer 1

Antibodies produced by the body from previous exposure to pathogen; long-term protection

Question 2

Adult stem cells

Answer 2

unspecialized/undifferentiated cells, that haven’t developed into a specific cell type

Question 3

AID (Sacquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 3

Disease caused by HIV that kills T cells in the immune system, but most people don’t develop it because there is HIV treatment

Question 4

Antibiotic

Answer 4

treatment for bacterial infections

Question 5

Antibody

Answer 5

Y-shaped protein that attaches to invader and signals their destruction by white blood cells

Question 6

Anti-Codon

Answer 6

nitrogen bases on a tRNA molecule- complementary to the 3 codons on mRNA

Question 7

Antiviral

Answer 7

treatment for viral infections

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

Reproduction with one parent, where offspring is identical to parent

Question 9

B- cell

Answer 9

White blood cell that makes antiBodies

Question 10

Cancer

Answer 10

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 11

Cell cycle

Answer 11

life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 12

Cholera

Answer 12

Bacterial infection in the intestine caused by contaminated water, resulting in severe vomiting and diarrhea

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

Genetic material made of DNA and protein that form chromosomes; only found during interphase

Question 14

Chromosomes

Answer 14

• carries genetic info that is passed to new cells in cell division
• made of chromatin (DNA molecule and protein) that make two chromatids and a centromere

Question 15

Codon

Answer 15

nitrogen base of a set of 3 on a mRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

Question 16

Complementary Base Pairing

Answer 16

Nitrogen bases pairings:
DNA- A to T, C to G
RNA- A to U, C to G

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

last step of the cell cycle, when the cell membrane pinches, and the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells

Question 18

Daughter cells

Answer 18

Cells produced from cell division of a single parent cell in mitosis or meiosis

Question 19

Deoxyribose

Answer 19

sugar in DNA

Question 20

Differentiation/Specialization

Answer 20

process during embryonic development where stem cells develop into a specific cell type by developing into a different structure and function

Question 21

DNA replication

Answer 21

DNA is copied and duplicated to be used in the two daughter cells

Question 22

Double helix

Answer 22

shape of DNA

Question 23

Dutch Elm Disease

Answer 23

Fungal disease of elm trees spread by beetles

Question 24

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 24

cell of early embryo that is undifferentiated; valuable to researchers

Question 25

Hydrogen bond

Answer 25

bond between nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping

Question 26

Influenza

Answer 26

viral disease which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918 and still kills lots of people every year

Question 27

Interphase

Answer 27

longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is resting and copying its DNA

Question 28

Malaria

Answer 28

Parasitic disease caused by the protist Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes in tropical regions

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

Cell division that replicates its chromosomes and then seperates them, making two identical daughter cells

Question 30

mRNA

Answer 30

messengar RNA; single stranded molecule as a copy from DNA through Transcription, carries the DNA code to the ribosome to match up with amino acid

Question 31

Mutation

Answer 31

Mistake/change in the normal DNA sequence; random OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure

Question 32

Nitrogen base

Answer 32

part of Nucleotide; A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA

Question 33

Passive immunity

Answer 33

short-term protection when a person gets antibodies from another source; person does not make them

Question 34

Pfiesteria

Answer 34

Group of protists that cause large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC

Question 35

Protein synthesis

Answer 35

process that makes proteins by transcription and translation

Question 36

Ribose

Answer 36

sugar in RNA

Question 37

rRNA

Answer 37

ribosomal RNA; makes up ribosomes. During translation, it puts together amino acids to create proteins by clamping anticodons onto mRNA to put amino acids in the correct order

Question 38

T- cell

Answer 38

Cells that attack and destroy infected cells; two types: T helper & T killer

Question 39

Transcription

Answer 39

Process in the nucleus in that changes DNA into RNA

Question 40

Translation

Answer 40

process that occurs in the cytoplasm in which a ribosome reads the mRNA and converts it into a sequence of amino acid

Question 41

tRNA

Answer 41

transfer RNA; clover leaf shape made of a chain of RNA nucleotides and carries an amino acid, reads mRNA and arrives at ribosome carrying the amino acid that DNA codes for

Question 42

Tuberculosis

Answer 42

Bacterial infection in the lungs

Question 43

Vaccine

Answer 43

a weakened virus/bacteria injected into the body to protect a person against a virus

Question 44

Virus

Answer 44

a nonliving particle that causes disease; contains nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid