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Biology Honors > Unit 4 - Cell Replication Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Cell Replication Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Active Immunity

A

Antibodies produced by the body from previous exposure to pathogen; long-term protection

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2
Q

Adult stem cells

A

unspecialized/undifferentiated cells, that haven’t developed into a specific cell type

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3
Q

AID (Sacquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

A

Disease caused by HIV that kills T cells in the immune system, but most people don’t develop it because there is HIV treatment

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4
Q

Antibiotic

A

treatment for bacterial infections

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5
Q

Antibody

A

Y-shaped protein that attaches to invader and signals their destruction by white blood cells

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6
Q

Anti-Codon

A

nitrogen bases on a tRNA molecule- complementary to the 3 codons on mRNA

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7
Q

Antiviral

A

treatment for viral infections

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8
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Reproduction with one parent, where offspring is identical to parent

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9
Q

B- cell

A

White blood cell that makes antiBodies

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10
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell division

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11
Q

Cell cycle

A

life cycle of a cell that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

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12
Q

Cholera

A

Bacterial infection in the intestine caused by contaminated water, resulting in severe vomiting and diarrhea

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13
Q

Chromatin

A

Genetic material made of DNA and protein that form chromosomes; only found during interphase

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14
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • carries genetic info that is passed to new cells in cell division
  • made of chromatin (DNA molecule and protein) that make two chromatids and a centromere
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15
Q

Codon

A

nitrogen base of a set of 3 on a mRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

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16
Q

Complementary Base Pairing

A

Nitrogen bases pairings:
DNA- A to T, C to G
RNA- A to U, C to G

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17
Q

Cytokinesis

A

last step of the cell cycle, when the cell membrane pinches, and the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells

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18
Q

Daughter cells

A

Cells produced from cell division of a single parent cell in mitosis or meiosis

19
Q

Deoxyribose

A

sugar in DNA

20
Q

Differentiation/Specialization

A

process during embryonic development where stem cells develop into a specific cell type by developing into a different structure and function

21
Q

DNA replication

A

DNA is copied and duplicated to be used in the two daughter cells

22
Q

Double helix

A

shape of DNA

23
Q

Dutch Elm Disease

A

Fungal disease of elm trees spread by beetles

24
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

cell of early embryo that is undifferentiated; valuable to researchers

25
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

bond between nitrogen bases of DNA that can be easily broken during unzipping

26
Q

Influenza

A

viral disease which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918 and still kills lots of people every year

27
Q

Interphase

A

longest phase of the cell cycle consisting of G1, S, and G2 in which the cell is resting and copying its DNA

28
Q

Malaria

A

Parasitic disease caused by the protist Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes in tropical regions

29
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division that replicates its chromosomes and then seperates them, making two identical daughter cells

30
Q

mRNA

A

messengar RNA; single stranded molecule as a copy from DNA through Transcription, carries the DNA code to the ribosome to match up with amino acid

31
Q

Mutation

A

Mistake/change in the normal DNA sequence; random OR caused by radiation, tobacco smoke, and chemical exposure

32
Q

Nitrogen base

A

part of Nucleotide; A, T, G, and C in DNA; A, U, G, and C in RNA

33
Q

Passive immunity

A

short-term protection when a person gets antibodies from another source; person does not make them

34
Q

Pfiesteria

A

Group of protists that cause large algal blooms and fish kills off the coast of NC

35
Q

Protein synthesis

A

process that makes proteins by transcription and translation

36
Q

Ribose

A

sugar in RNA

37
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA; makes up ribosomes. During translation, it puts together amino acids to create proteins by clamping anticodons onto mRNA to put amino acids in the correct order

38
Q

T- cell

A

Cells that attack and destroy infected cells; two types: T helper & T killer

39
Q

Transcription

A

Process in the nucleus in that changes DNA into RNA

40
Q

Translation

A

process that occurs in the cytoplasm in which a ribosome reads the mRNA and converts it into a sequence of amino acid

41
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA; clover leaf shape made of a chain of RNA nucleotides and carries an amino acid, reads mRNA and arrives at ribosome carrying the amino acid that DNA codes for

42
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Bacterial infection in the lungs

43
Q

Vaccine

A

a weakened virus/bacteria injected into the body to protect a person against a virus

44
Q

Virus

A

a nonliving particle that causes disease; contains nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid

Biology Honors (12 decks)

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