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Biology Honors > Unit 3 - Cell Structure & Function Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Cell Structure & Function Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of substance from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient), using energy/ATP

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2
Q

Adaptation

A

Behavior/body part that helps organism survive better in the environment

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3
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen

Occurs daily in: animals, plants, fungi, some protists, and some bacteria
Prokaryotes - in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes - in mitochondria
Yield: 32 ATP

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4
Q

Alcoholic Fermentation

A

anaerobic respiration in yeast and bacteria
glucose -> ATP + carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Cellular respiration without oxygen

Occurs daily in: ALL yeasts, some bacteria, and some protists

Yield: 2 ATP

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6
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate; energy source and storage for cells, stored in the bonds between the phosphates

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7
Q

Cell wall

A

Additional layer (on top of cell membrane) of plant cells for extra protection

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8
Q

Cell/Plasma Membrane

A

Semipermeable layer around the cells cytoplasm

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9
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process that creates energy (ATP) for the cell
Glucose + oxygen -> energy (ATP) + carbon dioxide + water

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10
Q

Centrioles

A

organelle in animal cells that form poles of the spindle fibers during mitosis

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11
Q

Chlorophyll

A

green pigment in the chloroplast that traps sunlight for photosynthesis

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12
Q

Chloroplasts

A

organelle that does photosynthesis

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13
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hair-like projections that are used for movement in protists and that line the respiratory tracts of animals

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14
Q

Compound light Microscope

A

Microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two or more lenses to magnify an object

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15
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

a difference in concentration of a substance in a space

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16
Q

Contractile Vacoule

A

Special vacuole that constantly pumps water out of the cell to survive in marine environments

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like material that holds the cells organelles

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of a substance from an area of high to low concentration

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19
Q

DNA

A

Molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. Made of segments called genes that control your physical body traits.

20
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

No concentration gradient; particles are evenly distributed and continue to move within the cell

21
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Uses electrons to magnify very small specimen

22
Q

Eyespot

A

Organelle in Euglena that detects light to find the brightest areas to photosynthesize

23
Q

Flagella

A

long, whip-like tails used for movement in Euglena

24
Q

Glucose

A

simple sugar made during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration

25
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal balance even in environmental changes

26
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

anaerobic respiration in animals to produce lactic acid that cause muscle soreness/cramps

27
Q

Lysosome

A

Organelle that digests nutrients with it’s digestive enzymes

28
Q

Mitochondria

A

“Powerhouse” of the cell that performs cellular respiration

29
Q

Nucleos

A

“Brain” of the cell that stores genetic information and controls cell functions

30
Q

Organelle

A

Structure inside a cell that performs a function

31
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water; Movement of water from an area of high to low concentration

32
Q

Passive Transport

A

Movement of substances from high to low concentration to maintain equilibrium (down the concentration gradient); requires NO energy

33
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell/plasma membrane

34
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process in chloroplasts in plants, some protist, and some bacteria cells that converts:
sunlight (radiant energy) + carbon + water = glucose + oxygen

35
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

process that makes proteins in cells that includes the two steps of transcription and translation

36
Q

Pseudopod

A

Amoeba’s “false feet” by stretching it’s cytoplasm into fingerlike extensions

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelle that makes proteins through protein synthesis

38
Q

Semi-Permeable

A

Some can pass through; some can’t

39
Q

Solute

A

Substance dissolved by the solvent

40
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of dissolved solute in solvent

41
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that dissolves the solute

42
Q

Total Magnification

A

(Eyepiece lens magnification) x (objective lens magnification)

43
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

force created in a cell when water flows in and the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall; plant vacuoles fill, causing internal pressure (cell wall prevents lysis = cell bursting)

44
Q

Vacoules

A

Organelle that stores food, water, and wastes

45
Q

Vascular Tissues (xylem/phloem)

A

tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients; xylem and phloem

46
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell shrinks

Biology Honors (12 decks)

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