Unit 4 7E: Active and passive immunity

Question 1

Active immunity

Answer 1

When an individual’s adaptive immune response is activated

Question 2

Passive immunity

Answer 2

Short-term immunity resulting from a person receiving antibodies from another person or animal; no memory

Question 3

Natural Active immunity

Answer 3

An individual’s response to a pathogen (through production of specific antibodies) that they have been exposed to. if the individual were to be exposed to the same pathogen in the future, they would be immune to that pathogen due to the presence of memory B and T cells.

Question 4

Artificial Active immunity

Answer 4

when antigens or whole pathogens are introduced to induce an adaptive immune response.
e.g. Through a vaccination

Question 5

Natural passive immunity

Answer 5

Is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to the foetus through the placenta prior to birth or to the baby through breastfeeding after birth. The maternal antibodies provide immune protection for the baby, whose immune system is still developing

Question 6

Artificial Passive immunity

Answer 6

Is created when an individual receives antibodies made by another organism. This is useful against things such as bites and stings that could cause death before an individual’s own adaptive immune response could act

Question 7

Vaccination

Answer 7

The administration of a vaccine to cause an adaptive immune response

Question 8

Vaccine

Answer 8

Substance that contains an agent (usually an antigen or an attenuated version of the pathogen) that will induce an adaptive immune response when administered

Question 9

Attenuated

Answer 9

Describes a pathogen that has been altered to remove its harmfulness

Question 10

Herd immunity

Answer 10

When a large percentage of a population is immune to a disease (through vaccination), slowing down the spread of the disease and protecting those who are not immune

Question 11

Positive of using live attenuated vaccines

Answer 11

Because of the similarity between the vaccine and the natural pathogen, there is a stron adaptive immune response, which can result in a lifetime of protection against that pathogen

Question 12

Negatives of using live attenuated vaccines

Answer 12

A person with a weakened immune system (babies, elderly, immune deficient individuals) may contract the disease

Question 13

What are the 3 forms of vaccines

Answer 13

Live attenuated vaccine
An inactivated vaccine
A subunit vaccine

Question 14

Who is protected by Herd immunity

Answer 14

Herd immunity indirectly provides protection to individuals in the community who are not immune, such as those with suppressed or weakened immune systems

Question 15

What is a live attenuated vaccine

Answer 15

A vaccine that uses a weakened form of the pathogen that causes the disease
Strong adaptive immune response which results in a lifetime of protection against that pathogen

Question 16

What is an inactivated vaccine

Answer 16

A vaccine that uses a killed or inactivated version of the pathogen
Safer for people with a compromised immune system
No lifelong immunity

Question 17

What is a Subunit vaccine?

Answer 17

Uses specific pieces of the pathogen (Parts of antigen, capsid)
Like an inactivated vaccine, requires booster injections to maintain levels of B and T cells