UNIT 3 1B: Cell types and cell organelles

Question 1

Define Prokaryote

Answer 1

A single-celled organism that does not have membrane-bound organelles; includes bacteria and archea

Question 2

Define Eukaryote

Answer 2

A single-celled or multi-cellular organism whose cells include membrane-bound organelles; includes
protists, fungi, plants, animals

Question 3

Define compartmentalisation

Answer 3

is the formation of internal membranes to maintain the concentration of molecules that allow the reactants to interact with each other at optimal rates
2. And allows various chemical reactions to occur simultaneously in different places without interfering with each other.

Question 4

What is a Neucleoid

Answer 4

In a prokaryote, an irregularly shaped area where the genetic material is located

Question 5

Plasmid

Answer 5

A circular piece of double-stranded DNA found naturally in bacteria

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

All the contents inside the membrane of a cell, except the nucleus, includes organelles.

Question 7

Organelle

Answer 7

A compartment within a cell that performs specific functions

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

A double membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA, RNA)

Question 9

Function of Nucleus

Answer 9

Controlls the cell activities. Contains DNA, which codes for proteins.

Question 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

An organelle that synthesises and transports lipids

Question 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

An organelle that transports proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 12

An organelle consisting of layers that modifies and packages proteins

Question 13

Vesicle

Answer 13

An organelle that transports materials between organelles and within the cell.

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

A non-membrane bound organelle, made up of protein and ribosomal RNA; is the site of translation

Question 15

Function of ribosomes

Answer 15

Synthesis of proteins, a process known as translation.

Question 16

Ribosomes in cytosol vs Ribosomes in ER

Answer 16

Ribosomes in the cytosol make proteins for use inside the cell, whereas ribosomes on the rough ER make proteins for use outside of the cell.

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

An organelle containing enzymes that break down foreign matter or materials no longer required

Question 18

Vacuole

Answer 18

An organelle that stores substances; important in maintaining structure of plant cells

Question 19

Mitochondrion

Answer 19

An organelle where respiration occurs, releasing energy (ATP)

Question 20

Function of Mitochondrion

Answer 20

site of stages 2 and 3 of aerobic cellular respiration, which releases usable energy in the form of ATP molecules

Question 21

Chloroplast

Answer 21

An organelle where photosynthesis occurs; contains chlorophyll. Animal cells do not have chloroplast

Question 22

Function of chloroplast,

Answer 22

Site of photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water, with the assistance of light to glucose and oxygen

Question 23

Cell wall

Answer 23

Structure only in plants that surrounds the cell and provides support and protection

Question 24

Cilia

Answer 24

Short microtubes projecting from a cell that move to provide motility(movement of the cell) or movement of fluid

Question 25

Flagella

Answer 25

Long microtubes projecting from a cell that move to provide motility(movement of the cell) or movement of fluid