Human Change over time

Question 1

Country:

Answer 1

An area that is traditionally owned and looked after by an Aboriginal language group or community,
The term indicate more than simply a geographical area
it is a concept that can encompass the spiritual meaning and feelings of deep connection and attachment

Question 2

Place

Answer 2

A space mapped out by physical or intangible boundaries that individuals or groups of Torres Strait islander peoples occupy and regard as their own.

Question 3

Why do scientists not always agree on the position of each homo species on evolutionary trees

Answer 3

Because most fossils are fragmentary

Most fossils do not contain DNA, therefore molecular homology cannot be used

Gaps in the fossil record

Question 4

Putative homo species

Answer 4

A Homo species which is recognized by the scientific community

Question 5

3 key features of Mitochondrial DNA

3 m’s

Answer 5

Comes from maternal lineage only(mothers pass on mt DNA to children)

Higher mutation rate because it does not have repair mechanisms

Contains smaller amount of genetic material so is easier to sequence

Question 6

4 key features of Nuclear/Genomic DNA

Answer 6

Contains both maternal and paternal lineages due to recombination

Allows for larger amounts of DNA to be sequenced

Has a lower mutation rate due to repair mechanisms

Provides evidence of interbreeding

Question 7

Evidence for human migration

3 types

Answer 7

Fossil evidence - to discover hw long a population was present in an area

DNA Evidence **(molecular homology) **to compare similarities and differences to other populations

Artifacts (Cave paintings, weapons)

Question 8

What is evidence of Homo Sapiens interbreeding with Neanderthals

Answer 8

Mitochondrial and comparison of nuclear genomes provide evidence of interbreeding with neanderthals

Question 9

What is the Out of Africa theory

Answer 9

All humans come from a single common ancestor in Africa

Question 10

What modern day population has the greatest genetic diversity

Answer 10

Africa

Question 11

What is the multiregional hypothesis

Answer 11

Suggests that H. Sapiens evolved in various regions after they started moving out of africa - Depicts Asian, African and Europeans as different species

Question 12

How does the interbreeding of Neanderthals and Humans challenge the formal definition of species

Answer 12

Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens are considered to be different species, which are not normally able to interbreed. However they can, producing fertile and viable offspring.