Unit 4

Question 1

conditions that must be met for a population to be at equilibrium?

Answer 1

1) Large population
2) Mates are random
3) No new mutations
4) This is no migration
5) No natural selection

Question 2

Mutations

Answer 2

• Change in individual DNA
  (May be harmful or beneficial)
• Missense (amino acid replacement, resulting in code being slightly altered) Ex: sickle cell disease, cancers
• nonsense (codealtered creating a Stop in code making it unable to code for an amino acid) Ex: cystic fibrosis

-Silent (Letter being replaced but doesn’t affect function or appearance) Ex: AAA = Lysine and mutation occurs to create AAG but also = Lysine

Question 3

Gene Flow

Answer 3

The net movement of alleles from one population to another due to migration.

Ex: a wolf from one pack mates with a wolf from another pack.

Question 4

Genetic Drift

Answer 4

• Occurs when chance/random events cause a change in the genetic pool/allele frequencies
• Ex: Alleles getting left behind

Question 5

The founder effect

Answer 5

• Occurs when a gene pool change occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population.
• Reproducing within a small population
• Ex: Amish population

Question 6

The Bottleneck effect

Answer 6

• Gene pool change that results from a rapid decrease in population size
• Often in a species that is close to extinction

Question 7

Natural selection (Positive)

Answer 7

If a mutation produces a phenotype that gives one survival advantage over another.