Transcription and Translation

Question 1

Chargaffs rule

Answer 1

nucleotides are in proportion with their pair (A&T)

They will have the same percentages and then the other two will be the same to add up to 100%

Question 2

Gene Expression

Answer 2

(DNA provides instructions for each cell to perform)

For a segment of DNA to be expressed by a cell it must be transcribed into mRNA (Changing the T to U)
and then translated into a sequence of amino acids (separating and labeling)

Question 3

Difference between DNA and RNA: DNA

Answer 3

DNA has deoxyribose sugar

Has two strands (Double helix)

Has C, G, A, and T bases

Question 4

Difference between DNA and RNA: RNA

Answer 4

Has ribose sugar

Has one strand

Has C, G, A, and U bases

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

The information of a segment is double-stranded DNA that is copied into a single strand of mRNA.

Takes place in the nucleus

Only one strand of DNA (coding strand) is transferred into mRNA.

Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to the promotor region of the coding strand and begins to add a complementary base in 5’ and 3’ direction.

T’s are replaced with U’s

Question 6

Translations

Answer 6

Once DNA is transcribed into mRNA it then moves into cytoplasm - to be translated into protein/amino acids.

Sequence splits codons which each link with a separate amino acid by tRNA anticodons.

Ribosomes serve as units of protein synthesis(helping move the process along) Turning mRNA into amino acids.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Produce proteins within a cell ( or help to)

two subunits: Large and small

Each codon arrives at the “A” site moves to the “P” site where it connects to the right amino acid and then exits at the “E” sight