All unit review

Question 1

What is the difference between the RH and LH of the brain?

Answer 1

The Right hemisphere control = Attention to detail, memory, Creativity, and artistic ability.

The Left hemisphere control= mathematical, logical, reasoning, verbal, and reading.

Question 2

What does the right side of your brain control in your body

Answer 2

The right side of the brain controls the left side of your body

and

the left side of your brain controls the left side of your body.

Question 3

Brocas vs Wrenkis

Answer 3

Brocas = Mouth movement and pronunciation. Located on the left side of the brain.

Wrenkis Speech comprehension and recognition of speech.

Question 4

Cerebral cortex

Answer 4

(Grey matter) the four lobes: Frontal, Partial (senses and touch), Temporal (sound, smell, and emotions), and Occipital.

Located above the cerebrum/outer layer of the cerebrum. Includes intellectual/ higher level thinking and processing.

Question 5

Cerebrum

Answer 5

Includes the LH and RH (frontal parts including W&B)

Different areas of the cerebrum have different functions including more creative and movement-based thinking (spatial awareness)

The largest part of the brain

Question 6

Cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 6

Provides a blood-brain barrier and helps defend against infections and removes toxins.

Question 7

Interstitial cells vs stolicells

Answer 7

Interstial LH stimulates interstali cells to start producing testosterone. (Outside seminiferous tubules)

Stolicells =Control the environment where the sperm is made in the seminiferous tubules. FSH.
(Inside seminiferous tubules)

Question 8

Discoveries made about DNA

Answer 8

1) X-rays showed the double helix model
2) DNA molecules are composed of deoxyribose, sugar, phosphate, and bases
3) The discovery of what bases paired together.

Question 9

What strand does mRNA use to code for

Answer 9

mRNA uses the template (bottom) strand during transcription.

Question 10

Sporophyte and gametophyte cycle

Answer 10

1) a Sporophye (2n) can produce a haploid seed when it completes meiosis.

2) The haploid seed grows without fusion to become a gametophyte

3) The gametophyte (n) produces male and female seeds which then fuse to make a diploid seed

the cycle repeats

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

1) Helicase helps unzip the DNA
2) mRNA codes/matches with the exposed template strand of DNA
3) mRNA is proofread and introns are removed
4) mRNA leaves the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

In the cytoplasm
1) mRNA binds with the ribosome (helps with protein synthesis)
2) tRNA helps guide the mRNA one codon at a time
3) tRNA attaches the amino acid chain

Question 13

Cloning

Answer 13

(Male)
1) Donor cells and egg cells collected
2) egg nucleus removed
3) to cells are spliced together using electric shock.
4) Fused cells begin to divide normally and are inserted into the host uterus.

What is not needed: the egg nucleus

Question 14

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 14

1) DNA is cut using a restriction enzyme
2) DNA has a negative charge so it migrates toward the positive
3) Banding pattern shows and DNA can be analyzed.

Question 15

Cochlea

Answer 15

Organ of Corti
The hair cells attached to the basilar membrane move when sound waves brush passed them and send and electrochemical signal to the auditory nerves.

Question 16

Chemoreceptors

Answer 16

Receptors in taste buds and olfactory bulbs in the nose. Send signals when impulses are detected. Ex you smell something bad your reflex would be to move away.

Question 17

Proporecteptors

Answer 17

Detects stretch in muscles and glands when walking on uneven surfaces.

Question 18

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 18

Detect touch/pleasure, vibration, and sound

Question 19

Follicular stage

Answer 19

(6-13) Estrogen is present during the phase of growing and nourishing the follicles.

Question 20

luteal stage

Answer 20

(15-28) Progesterone is present. The Corpus Luteum stays intact and continues releasing hormones to help build the uterine lining to prepare for potential implantation.

Question 21

Ectoderm

Answer 21

Skin, tooth enamel, nervous tissue, and eyelids

Question 22

Endoderm

Answer 22

Pancerase, thyroid, parathyroid, and liver

Question 23

Mesoderm

Answer 23

Heart, blood tissue, connective tissue.

Question 24

Post-pituitary hormones

Answer 24

Oxytocin, Antidiuretic, and alderstone

Question 25

Anterior pituitary hormone

Answer 25

TSH, LH, FSH, HGH, prolactin, adrentotropic hormone.

Question 26

Chronic Villi

Answer 26

In placenta tissue that contains genetic information for the baby

Question 27

How does the mother’s blood benefit the baby without harming it?

Answer 27

The mother’s blood provides oxygen and nutrients for the baby that are transferred across the placental tissue
Then travels through the placental veins towards the liver.

Question 28

How to get the growth per capita of a population

Answer 28

1) find the difference in numbers
2) divide the difference by the past amount

Question 29

What needs to happen for a population to be in Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 29

1) No new mutations
2) No natural selection
3) No migration
4) No non-random dating
5) Large population

Question 30

What is an example of a density-dependent factor?

Answer 30

Anything directly impacting an organism including competition, diseases, increase/decrease in population.

Question 31

What increases a population and what decreases a population

Answer 31

Increase: Immigration + Nataility

Decrease: Immigration + Mortality

Question 32

Glial cells

Answer 32

They support every neuron by nourishing, removing waste, and defending against infection.

Question 33

What does resting potential look like

Answer 33

• More Na on the outside and more K on the inside.
• More negatives on the inside and more positives on the outside
• Na/k exchange pump actively pumps 2 K ions in for every 3 Na ions out

Question 34

When is Depolarization and Repolarization happening

Answer 34

Depolarization and Repolarization happen back to back along a neuron when the threshold of -55 is met.

Depolarization (letting Na+ into the axon and K+ out)

Repolarization (letting Na+ out of the axon and K+ in)

Refractory period (resetting the charges so the axon can return to resting potential)

Question 35

When can another action potential occur

Answer 35

Another action potential cannot occur until everything is rest to resting potential.

Question 36

What happens at the synaptic cleft

Answer 36

The synaptic cleft is the space between two neurons. Or between a neuron and an effector.

In the synaptic cleft, there is the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters needed to continue the impulse. This happens through exocytosis.

Question 37

Exocytosis

Answer 37

1) synaptic vesicles bind to the membrane (sacs containing neurotransmitters)

2) then are released into the synaptic cleft

3) Then bind to the receptors on the postsynaptic side.

(enzymes like cholinesterase might be present to help break down the neurotransmitters)

Question 38

What is in the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Answer 38

Forebrain Thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum.
Midbrain= Midbrain of the brain stem
Hindbrain= Medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum.

Question 39

Effects of parasympathetic vs sympathetic

Answer 39

Parasympathetic = Srimulates tears, constricts pupils, constricts bronchioles, slows heart, stimulates bodily functions.

Sympathetic inhibits tears, dilates pupils, dilates air passages, and inhibits bodily functions.

Question 40

Difference between myopia and hyperopia

Answer 40

Hypermyopia= Short eye so up close is blurry but far away is clear. (nearsightedness)

Myopia= Long eye so far away images are blurry but up close is clear.

Question 41

Where does balance relate to the ear?

Answer 41

In the semicircular canal, the fluid movement can cause dizzy feelings when your body stops moving and the fluid is still moving.

Static equillbreum= the balance of our body positioning at rest

Dynamic equilibrium The balance of our body and head during movement.

(Also gravitational= Keepig head upright and balanced and rotational = Rotating head and body)

Question 42

What do beta cells do and how can they cause diabetes

Answer 42

Beta cells are cells that produce insulin.

In diabetes 2 beta cells have been worn down over time by having to keep up with blood sugar regulation.

In diabetes 1 beta cells are being attacked, with no reason why.

Question 43

Difference between afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 43

Afferent = Before the message is received by the interneuron in the spinal cord
Efferent = After the message is received and going to carry out the response.

Question 44

What does the placenta do?

Answer 44

The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the baby’s system by diffusing through the uterine wall but the blood doesn’t come in contact with the baby.

Question 45

When and where are the first blood cells in the baby

Answer 45

The yolk sac produces the first blood cells along with the digestive tract. The first blood cells are produced in the early stages of the first trimester (around week 4)

Question 46

When can the sex be determined?

Answer 46

By week 12 all reproductive organs in the baby are developed and the sex can then be determined.