Unit 4 (1450-1750)

Question 1

Astrolabe

Answer 1

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

Question 2

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 2

Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade.

Question 3

British East India Company

Answer 3

A joint stock company that controlled most of India. Cotton textiles and some spices (pepper) were among products traded.

Question 4

Caravel

Answer 4

A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations

Question 5

Cartaz

Answer 5

A license issued by the Portuguese that permitted non-Portuguese traders to operate in areas of the Indian Ocean controlled by the Portuguese.

Question 6

Casta System

Answer 6

A system in colonial Spain of determining a person’s social importance according to different racial categories.

Question 7

Columbian Exchange

Answer 7

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Eurasia following Columbus’s voyages.

Question 8

Columbus

Answer 8

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China - 1492

Question 9

Compass

Answer 9

navigational instrument for finding directions

Question 10

corn and potatoes

Answer 10

The two most important food items that were exported from the Americas: resulted in more calories and better nutrition in Europe; helped cause a population increase

Question 11

Cortez and Pizarro

Answer 11

Age of Discovery. Spanish Conquistadors who conquered the Aztec and Incans

Question 12

Dutch East India Company

Answer 12

A joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

Question 13

Encomienda and Hacienda Systems

Answer 13

Forced/coerced labor systems where Native Americans worked on plantions or in mines

Question 14

The Great Dying

Answer 14

the devastation of American Indian populations by diseases brought over from Europe - 50-90% death rate - smallpox…

Question 15

joint-stock company

Answer 15

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Question 16

King Philip’s War (Metacom’s War)

Answer 16

Early, bloody conflict between English colonists and Native Americans

Question 17

Lateen Sail

Answer 17

Triangular sail that was developed in Indian Ocean trade that allowed a ship to sail against the wind.

Question 18

Manioc (cassava)

Answer 18

Staple crop spread by the Columbian Exchange. Export from the Americas and the Caribbeans to Eurasia and Africa. Promoted population growth where it was spread.

Question 19

Maritime Empires

Answer 19

empires based on sea travel - i.e. Spain, Portugal, Netherlands (Dutch), Britain, and France

Question 20

Maroon Societies

Answer 20

Communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean and Latin America.

Question 21

mercantilism

Answer 21

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and controlling territory (colonies)

Question 22

Mestizos and Mulattoes

Answer 22

People with mixed races between European and Latin American or African descent

Question 23

Middle Passage

Answer 23

the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Question 24

Mita System

Answer 24

Incan system for payment of taxes with labor - Spanish adopted the system to force workers into the silver mines

Question 25

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Answer 25

a slave rebellion led by Nat Turner that took place in Virginia in 1831

Question 26

Peninsulares v. Creoles

Answer 26

Both of European descent - peninsulares were born in Europe while creoles were born in the Americas

Question 27

Philippines (Spanish)

Answer 27

Spain’s primary colony in the Pacific Ocean, the capital of Manila was a major hub in the silver trade

Question 28

Potosi

Answer 28

Mine located in upper Peru (modern Bolivia); largest of New World silver mines

Question 29

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 29

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Question 30

Silver Trade

Answer 30

The discovery of rich silver deposits in Bolivia and Mexico created new sources of wealth for the Europeans. Spanish America produced 80% of the world’s silver (Japan 20%) and through its trade established the first link between Asia and the Americas. Much silver ended up in China.

Question 31

Sugar Plantations in the Americas

Answer 31

main crop and development that led to Atlantic Slave Trade

Question 32

Tokugawa Shogunate

Answer 32

Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences - expelled Japanese Christians and all Europeans

Question 33

trading post empire

Answer 33

This is the type of empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean trading arena.

Question 34

Vasco de Gama (Portugal)

Answer 34

Discovered a route to India for Portugal - went around south Africa to reach the Indian Ocean

Question 35

Yasak

Answer 35

forced labor in Russian Siberia where local people had to deliver furs to the Russians as part of the fur trade