Unit 1 APWH

Question 1

Abbasid Caliphate

Answer 1

Islamic dynasty from 750-1258 whose empire fragmented, eventually becoming mere figureheads

Question 2

Angkot Wat

Answer 2

a temple complex built in the Khmer Empire and dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu

Question 3

Aztec Empire

Answer 3

Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as tribute and POWs were used as slaves and sacrifices

Question 4

Baghdad House of Wisdom

Answer 4

An academic center for research and translation during the Abbasid caliphate

Question 5

Buddhism

Answer 5

the teaching of Buddha that emphasizes that life is filled with suffering caused by desire and that suffering ceases when desire ceases. Through right conduct, wisdom and meditation one can end the cycle of rebirth and reach Enlightenment.

Question 6

Bushido

Answer 6

‘way of the warrior’ practiced by Japanese samurai

Question 7

Byzantium

Answer 7

the surviving Eastern half of the Roman Empire that fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks

Question 8

Caesaropapism

Answer 8

the secular ruler is also head of the church i.e. Byzantium

Question 9

Caste System

Answer 9

a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person’s occupation, but also his or her position in society in Hinduism

Question 10

Champa rice

Answer 10

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; led to increased populations in Song Dynasty China. Originally introduced into Vietnam from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

Question 11

Chinese dynastic cycle

Answer 11

the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.

Question 12

Chivalry

Answer 12

A moral, social and religious code that was originally created to teach knights how to behave during Medieval times

Question 13

Confucian Exam System

Answer 13

In Imperial China, it was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy - open to all classes of people

Question 14

Confucianism

Answer 14

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society and stresses a moral code of conduct.

Question 15

Crusades

Answer 15

The religious wars between Western Catholic Europe and the Islamic Turks over the holy lands in Jerusalem

Question 16

Daoism

Answer 16

Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns, emphasized harmony

Question 17

Dar-al-Islam

Answer 17

an Arabic term that means the “house of Islam” and that refers to lands under Islamic rule

Question 18

Delhi Sultanate

Answer 18

Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206

Question 19

Dhimmis

Answer 19

‘protected subjects’ under Islamic rule, non-Muslims allowed to practice their faith as “people of the book” in return for paying special taxes

Question 20

Feudalism

Answer 20

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Question 21

Filial Piety

Answer 21

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one’s parents and ancestors.

Question 22

Foot binding

Answer 22

Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls’ feet to keep them small; began in the Tang dynasty

Question 23

Ghana/Mali/Songhai

Answer 23

Islamic empires in western Africa noted for wealth and the Trans-Saharan trade - Islam spread because of trade connections

Question 24

Grand Canal

Answer 24

The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers

Question 25

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 25

A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.

Question 26

Hajj

Answer 26

the pilgrimage to Mecca made by every Muslim

Question 27

Hangzhou

Answer 27

Chinese capital in the Song dynasty w/population of up to 1 million

Question 28

Hierarchy

Answer 28

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Question 29

High Middle Ages

Answer 29

In Europe, marked by increased ag production, population, urbanization, universities

Question 30

Ibn Sina

Answer 30

Great mathematician and a founder of early modern medicine

Question 31

Iconoclasm

Answer 31

A byzantine policy of destroying religious images between 726 and 843

Question 32

Inca Empire

Answer 32

Largest and most powerful Andean empire. They conquered peoples and established an empire on the Pacific coast of South America. Built a strong network of roads, and relied on the mita system

Question 33

Jizya

Answer 33

special tax paid by dhimmis in Muslim territories in return for the freedom to practice their own religion

Question 34

Kievan Rus

Answer 34

early Russian state centered on Kiev; Vladimir converted to Orthodox Christianity in 988

Question 35

Mahayana Buddhism

Answer 35

Also known as popular Buddhism, it allows people more ways to reach enlightenment and boddhisatvas can help you reach enlightenment

Question 36

Mandate of heaven

Answer 36

an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.

Question 37

Manor

Answer 37

A large self-sufficient estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord.

Question 38

Maya city-states

Answer 38

Classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America; Maize a key crop; extended over the broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendar system, mathematical system

Question 39

Monotheism

Answer 39

belief in single god

Question 40

Nasir al-din al-Tusi

Answer 40

Persian mathematician and cosmologist who inspired Copernican model of the solar system

Question 41

Patriarchy

Answer 41

a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

Question 42

Polytheism

Answer 42

Belief in many gods

Question 43

Samurai

Answer 43

members of the Japanese warrior class

Question 44

Seppuku

Answer 44

Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan

Question 45

Serf

Answer 45

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 46

Shoen

Answer 46

a field or manor in medieval Japan

Question 47

Song dynasty

Answer 47

During this Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 CE) China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; paper money; gun powder; moveable type printing. Mass produced manufactured goods, experienced great urbanization, population increase, and embraced Neo-Confucianism.

Question 48

Srivijaya Empire

Answer 48

Dominated Southeast Asia trade from its base on the island of Sumatra during the period from 670-1025 C.E. It became wealthy due to its ability to tax the trade between India and China passing throught the strait of Melaka.

Question 49

Sufi Muslims

Answer 49

Islamic mystics, many of whom were important missionaries of Islam

Question 50

Theravada Buddhism

Answer 50

the oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Its beliefs are relatively conservative, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha