APWH 1450-1750 content unit 3

Question 1

95 theses

Answer 1

Martin Luther’s ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation

Question 2

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 2

A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.

Question 3

Aztec human sacrifice

Answer 3

captured enemies or citizens was often intended to please the gods. They were often killed in elaborate ceremonies with specially made and adorned knives

Question 4

Counter/Catholic Reformation

Answer 4

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, began in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.

Question 5

Devshirme

Answer 5

‘Selection’ in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.

Question 6

Divine Right

Answer 6

the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.

Question 7

Gunpowder Empires

Answer 7

an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire)

Question 8

Indulgence

Answer 8

Within the Catholic Church, this is the remission punishment for ones sins. Centuries ago the Church would sell certificates that would get a person out of purgatory. This practice contributed to the Protestant reformation.

Question 9

Inquisition

Answer 9

A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.

Question 10

Janissary

Answer 10

a soldier in the elite guard of the Ottoman Turks

Question 11

Jesuits

Answer 11

members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola

Question 12

John Calvin/Calvinism

Answer 12

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

Question 13

Martin Luther

Answer 13

German theologian who led the Reformation

Question 14

Know where the

Answer 14

Ottoman and Mughal empire are

Question 15

Protestant Reformation

Answer 15

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Question 16

Safavid Empire

Answer 16

Shi’ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries.

Question 17

Salaried samurai

Answer 17

Def: Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, the importance of these individuals as mercenaries/warriors who reported only to their daimyo declined so they took paid jobs as bureaucrats within the government of the shogunate
Sig: this was an effort by the Tokugawa government to minimize resistance from this warrior class and in effect, break the power hold of the daimyos who they served

Question 18

Shogunate

Answer 18

The Japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead.

Question 19

Sikhism

Answer 19

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

Question 20

Simony

Answer 20

the buying and selling of church offices

Question 21

Taj Mahal

Answer 21

A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.

Question 22

Tax farming

Answer 22

To generate money for territorial expansion rulers used new methods to get money like Tribute systems and _____ _____. Under this system the government hires private individuals to go out and collect taxes for them.

Question 23

Thirty Years War

Answer 23

(1618-1648 CE) War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia.

Question 24

Versailles

Answer 24

Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.

Question 25

Zamindars

Answer 25

Archaic tax system of the Mughal empire where decentralized lords collected tribute for the emperor.