APWH 1450-1750 content unit 3 Flashcards
95 theses
Martin Luther’s ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation
Absolute Monarchy
A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.
Aztec human sacrifice
captured enemies or citizens was often intended to please the gods. They were often killed in elaborate ceremonies with specially made and adorned knives
Counter/Catholic Reformation
Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, began in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.
Devshirme
‘Selection’ in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.
Divine Right
the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
Gunpowder Empires
an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire)
Indulgence
Within the Catholic Church, this is the remission punishment for ones sins. Centuries ago the Church would sell certificates that would get a person out of purgatory. This practice contributed to the Protestant reformation.
Inquisition
A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.
Janissary
a soldier in the elite guard of the Ottoman Turks
Jesuits
members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
John Calvin/Calvinism
religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society
Martin Luther
German theologian who led the Reformation
Know where the
Ottoman and Mughal empire are
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Safavid Empire
Shi’ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries.
Salaried samurai
Def: Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, the importance of these individuals as mercenaries/warriors who reported only to their daimyo declined so they took paid jobs as bureaucrats within the government of the shogunate
Sig: this was an effort by the Tokugawa government to minimize resistance from this warrior class and in effect, break the power hold of the daimyos who they served
Shogunate
The Japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead.
Sikhism
the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
Simony
the buying and selling of church offices
Taj Mahal
A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.
Tax farming
To generate money for territorial expansion rulers used new methods to get money like Tribute systems and _____ _____. Under this system the government hires private individuals to go out and collect taxes for them.
Thirty Years War
(1618-1648 CE) War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia.
Versailles
Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.
Zamindars
Archaic tax system of the Mughal empire where decentralized lords collected tribute for the emperor.
