APWH unit 6

Question 1

Social Darwinism

Answer 1

The application of ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Question 2

Scientific Racism

Answer 2

the use of scientific theories to support or validate racist attitudes or worldviews; also, to support classification of human beings into distinct biological races

Question 3

Japanese Expansion

Answer 3

Following the Meiji Reformation, the Japanese became imperialist - invasion of Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria

Question 4

Banana Republic

Answer 4

Term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States business interests

Question 5

Civilizing Mission

Answer 5

The notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized.

Question 6

Imperialism

Answer 6

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Question 7

Settler Colony

Answer 7

Large numbers of people come to the colonies to live in the colony and establish a permanent presence. Americas, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

Question 8

Sepoy Mutiny (Indian rebellion)

Answer 8

an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Question 9

Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

Answer 9

The meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them

Question 10

Tools of Empire

Answer 10

During 19th century, industrialists devised effective technologies of transportation, communication and war that enabled the Europeans to conquer the way they did

Question 11

Opium War

Answer 11

a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain’s opium trade in China

Question 12

Export Economies

Answer 12

economies that depend on exporting raw materials or cash crops i.e., cotton/Egypt, rubber/Congo, beef/Argentina

Question 13

Rubber Terror

Answer 13

the massacres and other human rights abuses committed by Leopold II in the Congo in the late 19th / early 20th century.

Question 14

Ethnic enclave

Answer 14

cluster of an ethnic population; Chinatown or Little Italy

Question 15

Chinese Exclusion act of 1882

Answer 15

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group.

Question 16

White Australia Policy

Answer 16

After a flood of immigrants entered the country in the mid-1800s, laws were passed to allow only whites to immigrate. Ideas of racial superiority also led to brutal violence against native peoples. This antagonized many nations particularly those in Asia.

Question 17

Migration - abolition of slavery

Answer 17

The abolition of slavery created a labor need in some countries that encouraged migration

Question 18

Transportation modes - urbanization

Answer 18

The new types of transportation, steamships, trains etc., helped make cities the primary migration destination and were more affordable for the masses

Question 19

Migration - Changes in gender roles

Answer 19

Migrants tended to be mostly men, so women were left to care for their families and be the head of the household in their absence

Question 20

supplant

Answer 20

to take the place of, supersede

Question 21

revenue

Answer 21

incoming money

Question 22

expenditure

Answer 22

An amount of money spent.

Question 23

infrastructure

Answer 23

the basic structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.