APWH unit 7 Flashcards
The collapse of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire started to decline during the late 1800’s when the Egyptians, Greeks, and Bosnians broke away due to nationalism. Failed Tanzimat reforms and Western aggression (Crimean War) were also causes.
Collapse of Qing Dynasty
Ethnic tensions between Manchu and Han, western aggression (spheres of influence) and failed Self Strengthening.
Collapse of Russian Empire
Russia’s decline as a world power (Crimean and Russo-Japanese Wars). Russia unprepared technologically and economically for WWI, lack of leadership, huge losses to the army, shortages of food and basic goods at home, growing opposition to the tsar
Bloody Sunday
1905; peaceful march by russians turned deadly when Czar’s guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds
Communist Revolution in Russia
A 1917 revolution in Russia to overthrow the Provisional Government, caused the Bolsheviks to take control and led by Lenin
Total War
the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort
Colonial Troops in WWI
European powers brought in soldiers from their colonies to help fight the war
WWI Military Technology
machine guns, poison gas, tanks, airplanes, submarines
Trench Warfare
Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.
Civilian Targets in WW2
Blitz of London, Dresden firebombing, Hiroshima
Civilians seen as legitimate targets
Women’s Suffrage
the right of women to vote - 1893 in New Zealand and 1920 in the US
Lost Generation
Americans who became disillusioned with society after World War I
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration with the goal of ending the Great Depression.
Soviet 5 year plan
Stalin’s impossibly high quotas to increase steel, coal, electric output
Great Famine in Ukraine
Caused by Soviet collectivization of farms as part of the first 5 Year Plan
Treaty of Versailles
the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans; war guilt clause
Mandate System in Middle East
dividing former territory of the Ottoman Empire and giving Britain and France control
Japanese “east Asia co-prosperity sphere”
The Japanese claimed they were freeing Asians from Western imperialism, and they called their empire the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere.
Armenian Genocide
The massacre of Armenians conducted by Turkey during WWI
Holocaust
the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
Fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
Communism
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
totalitarian state
government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives
Propaganda
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Authoritarian
A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power.
Treaty of Versailles - New States
The treaty ending WWI helped create numerous new states in Eastern Europe like Poland and Czechoslovakia but also caused Germany and Russia to want to recapture territory lost to form these states
Woodrow Wilson
Wanted to form a League of Nations to prevent future wars; his desire for a fair peace treaty not motivated by revenge was overridden by Britain and France
