Unit 4 Flashcards
What is learning 4.1
A change in behaviour resulted from experience that is relatively permanent
What does an unconditioned stimulus elicit and an example 4.2
An unconditioned response. Watching an athlete run is exciting, and that excitement is not learned
What is conditioned stimulus associated with and what is an example 4.2
It is associated with an unconditioned stimulus. An example. A very fast athlete running with a picture of a horse on them is exciting. Thus, by association, an image of a horse is exciting.
What is the conditioned response elicited by and what is it 4.2
It is elicited by the conditioned stimulus. This happens when constant association between stimulus creates a connection between them.
What is extinction 4.2
When the condtioned stimulus is no longer paired with the uncondtioned stimulus. For example, when the athlete stops wearing a picture of a horse.
what is spontaneous recovery 4.2
When an extinguished response returns. for example, when you see a picture of a horse and you still get excited because the horse still elicits thoughts of the fast athlete.
What is stimulus discrimination 4.2
When responses differ with different stimuli. For example, a tan horse exciting you when a grey one does not.
What is generalization 4.2
When responses are the same with different stimul. For example a short maned horse getting you just as excited as a short maned one.
What is high order conditioning/learning 4.2
When we associated one conditioned stimulus with another conditioned stimulus. For example, a cloud of dust getting associated with the horse, making the cloud of dust be associated with something really fast.
What is the law of effect 4.3
When a behaviour leads to a satisfying effect or rewards which leads to learning.
What are the types of operant conditioning 4.3
Positive reinforcement: Increase behaviour and adds stimulus
Positive punishment: decreases behaviour and adds stimulus
Negative reinforcements: Increasing behaviour and taking stimulus away
Negative punishment decreases behaviour and takes away stimulus.
Answering these things as type of operant conditioning 4.3
1. receiving a gold star
2. yelling at someone
3. removing choose from a child
4. someone taking your phone away
- positive reinforcement
- positive punishment
- Negative reinforcement
- Negative punishment
what is intrinsic motivation 4.3
Desire to preform a behaviour for your own sake.
what is extrinsic motivation 4.3
A desire to preform a behaviour for future rewards or to avoid punishment
what is overjustification 4.3
When extrinsic rewards replace intrinsic motivation
Name the schedules of reinforcement and their details 4.3
Fixed interval: same spacing, fixed time
Fixed ratio: Same spacing, number
Variable interval: varied spacing, fixed time
Variable ratio: varied spacing, number
Answer these actions as schedules of reinforcement
4.3
1. When a camera scans a room every 4 minutes
2. When you are payed every 4 pieces of art you make
3. When there is a pop quiz
4. When you go fishing
- Fixed interval: same spacing, fixed time
- Fixed ratio: Same spacing, number
- Variable interval: varied spacing, time
- Variable ratio: varied spacing, number
What is emotion-focused coping and what is it when it is maladaptive or adaptive. 4.4
when people avoid the stressor tending to their emotional need, however is does not solve the problem.
What is emotion-focused coping that is maladaptive or adaptive. 4.4
Apadtive: seeking support from friends when stressed over a test
maladaptive: watching a movie to relax ignoring the test.
what is problem-focused coping and an example 4.4
It is reducing stress to feel more in control. for example, completing school assignment to feel less stressed and more in control.
what is self-control 4.4
The ability to delay gratification and control impulses. It can be depleted through use.
What is the external locus of control and an example 4.4
Outside factor that affect our lives. for example, luck
What is internal locus of control and an example 4.4
when we place control and our lives on ourselves. For example, accepting you didn’t study enough for a test
