Unit 1 Flashcards
What is qualitative data 1.5
Data on descriptive data and nature
What is Range 1.5
Range is the difference between the highest score and lowest score
What is longitudinal studies 1.2
A study that follows one group over a long period of time.
What is the cognitive approach 1.1
It is the study of peoples thoughts
what is subject bias 1.4
When the subjects are consciously or unconsciously biased towards the outcome they think the researcher wants
What is a negative correlation 1.5
When one variable increases while another decreases
what is the psycodynamic approach and who developed it 1.1
it is the study of the mind when you are unconscious developed by Sigmund freud.
what is the humanistic Approach To studying psychology 1.1
It is that it focused on freewill, the uniqueness of people and what makes them special.
If we give coffee to highschool students to make them pay more attention, what are the two variables. And what is it we are doing 1.3
The independant variable is the coffe
The dependant variable their attention
We are preforming an experiment.
What is statistical analysis 1.5
When a researchers summarize, organize, interpret, and analzye their data before making a conclusion
What are three types of ways to gather data 1.2
- Surveys, which are questionnaires that gather data on what people think and do.
- Case study is descriptive research on a specific group or individual.
- Naturalisitc observations, gather information of people in their natural environment.
What is principle B 1.6
Fidelity and responsibility.
To cultivate a positive atmosphere for the field and an scientific environment
What is Principle E 1.6
Respect for peoples rights and dignity.
Subjects must have consented and have a right to privacy
What is a bell curve 1.5
When the mode, median, and mean are all at the 0 point value.
What is central tendancy
It is mode: the most occuring value
Mean: average score
Median: Score found at the exact middle
What are the positive and negative skews 1.5
A positive kcew is when the mean is towards the higher end of the score
A negative skew is when the mean is towards the lower end of the score.
What is functionalism and who developed it 1.1
It is studying the mind by its evolved functions developed by William james
What is a hypothesis 1.3
If we manipulate the independant variable and hold everything else constant, then the dependant variable will change because of the independent variable.
Explain how the Psycodynamic approach can be negative to people and how we can treat it 1.1
Unconcious negative thoughts in the mind make people act a certain way. to solve it Undertsand and work with those thoughts.
What is the Sociocultural Approach To studying psychology 1.1
It is the focus on environment, our culture, family, religion, society, friends, and how they shape us.
What is the experimental and control group 1.3
The experimental group is the group that gets the products
The control is the one that gets the placebo
What is the placebo effect and how can we negate it 1.3
The placebo effect is when someone believes they are experiencing something because they are told they will.
To negate it we have to give half the people a placebo during the experiment.
Explain how operant conditioning can be negative to people and how we can treat it 1.1
People seek negative rewards or a stuck in a negative cycle of rewards and punishments. To solve put people into a healthy cycles of rewards and punishments.
What is principle C 1.6
Integrity.
Researchers must be transparent and trustful to all practices of psychology with a few exceptions
what is operant conditioning and who developed it 1.1
Focuses on behaviour. When our behaviour is trained through punishments or rewards developed by B.F Skinner
How can the biological approach be negative and how can we treat it 1.1
Illness with a problem with electrical or chemical signals or a problems with structure. To solve it we can Chemical or electrical processes through medicine, electrical processes, or surgery.
What is principle A 1.6
It is beneficence and non-maleficence. Studies must be beneficial and not cause harm to the subjects
what is the Hawthorne effect? 1.4
When a person behaves or act different because they know they are being observed
What is the Biological Approach To studying psychology 1.1
It is that our mind is what our whole body does by sending and receiving electrical and chemicals signals.
what is quantitative data 1.5
Data on numbers
What is principle D 1.6
Justice
Researcher must prevent unjust practices by
being aware of their biases.
What is a positive correlation 1.5
When both variable increase or decrease together
What is structuralism and who coined it and who developed it 1.1
It is studying the mind by what its made of and its structure coined by Edward Titchener and developed by Wilhelm wundt
What is researcher bias 1.4
When the researcher consciously or unconsciously conducts the experiment in a way that will fit his desired outcome.
What is classical conditioning and who developed it 1.1
Focuses on reflexes. When a reflex is trained to be activated at a type of stimulus and it was developed on by Ivan pavlov
explain how cognitive approach can be negative to people and how to treat it 1.1
Negative thinking patterns prevent beneficial thoughts. To solve this identify those thought patterns and change them to be healthy.
What is a confounding variable 1.4
They are factors which researchers did not account for and interfered with the study
What is a cross sectionals study 1.2
A study that compares different groups from one point in time
Explain how the Classical conditioning can be negative to people and how we can treat it 1.1
Problem is people have negative associations between a reflex and stimuli. To solve it, disconnect the stimuli and reflex and turn it into a positive association.
How can the humanistic approach be negative and how can we treat it 1.1
Illness is a barrier preventing the goodness and strength of a person go unrecongized. To solve it, we remove the barriers and they will grow.
what is Behaviouralism and who developed it 1.1
It is studying the mind by numbers and things that can be counted: reflexes and behaviours, it was developed by Ivan pavlov
How can the sociocultural approach be negative and how can we treat it 1.1
Illness is the societal or cultural norms that conflict with our ideals. to solve it we can reteach the person how to go along with society or change society.
What is psychology 1.1
It is the study of the mind
