Unit 2 Flashcards
What is homeostatsis 2.2
It is the feedback loop between the brain and the gland in which when our brain perceives a feeling and then our glands release a hormone to compliment it.
what is permeability 2.4
when positive and negative ions converge
What are Excitatory neurotransmitters
What are Inhibitory neurotransmitters 2.4
Neurotransmitters that stimulates the firing sending the message
Neurotransmitters that slows the fire which slows or stops the message
what is the nervous systems job 2.2
It is communication through neurotransmitters and neurons.
What does the pons do and what part of the brain is it from 2.6
It is responsible for autonomic functions like sleep cycles, communication between fore brain and the cerebellum, and bladder control.
Is from the hindbrain
what gets longer and what gets shorter during sleep 2.9
NREMs gets shorter and REM gets longer
what is the adaptive sleep theory 2.9
We sleep to preserve energy at night to protect ourselves during the day when predators are out.
what is the autonomic nervous system 2.3
It is the involuntary or automatic function of our body like breathing and blinking among other things.
what does polygenic mean
Means many genes that causes a trait of behaviour
What is the spinal cord do 2.3
It transmits messages from the brain to the muscles to the glands throughout the entire body. It causes the spinal reflex which is an automatic response to something.
What is diathesis 2.1
Genetics that have an environmental trigger
what does the temporal lobe do and where is it located 2.6
It can make you hear and process/interpret what you hear. It is located in the forebrain.
What is sleep Apnea 2.9
It is a disorder where they have a lack of oxygen when sleeping which causes them not to go down or up the REM cycles. This causes the person to be not well rested well awakened.
What the four stages of sleep in order of cycle 2.9
NREM1
NREM2
NREM3
REM
What are Norepinephrine 2.4
A neurotransmitter that increaes alertness , blood pressure, and heartrate.
What is the sympathetic nervous system 2.3
It is an emergency response system that responds to situations that require alertness
What is a psychoactive drug? 2.8
A drug purposely made to alter one’s consciousness, mood, or perceptions
What happens when information enters the right visual field 2.7
It is brought to the left visual cortex which then allows them to say what they see.
what does the nervous system consist of 2.3
The brain and spine
What is insomnia 2.9
It is a disorder in which people cannot fall or stay asleep, or maybe both.
What does the thalamus do and what part of the brain is it from 2.6
It routes sensory signals to the higher level forebrain to be interpreted. Located in the midbrain
What brains waves do
NREM1
NREM2
NREM3
REM
emit 2.9
Alpha waves: Waves are fast
Beta waves: waves are slower
Theta waves: Waves are the slowest
Delta waves: waves are moderately fast
What are neurotransmitters 2.4
They are chemicals used for communication between neurons to perform mental and physical activities
What does the soma do 2.4
It houses the nucleus among other structures that maintains health of the neuron.
what does the myelin sheath do 2.4
It promotes action potential
what is a Agonist 2.5
A drug that’s a mimic of a neurotransmitter that produces an enhanced effect.
What is a split-brain patient 2.7
It is when someone has their corpus callosum severed to help downplay their epilepsy
What is a the parasympathetic nervous system 2.3
It is the function that allows one to calm down and default after an emergency
What does the Amygdala do and where is it located 2.6
It is responsible for emotional reaction like aggression and fear. It is located in the midbrain.
what is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 2.2
It is the concept that the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which regulates all other glands.
What does the frontal lobe do, and where is it located? 2.6
It influences speech, movement, foresight, judgement, and voluntary movement. It is located in the forebrain
what is the somatic nervous system 2.3
It is responsible for the voluntary movement of the muscles and sensory feelings like touch.
What are sensory neurons
What are Motor neurons
What are Mirror neurons 2.4
Receives information from sensory receptors
Sends information from the brain to the body
Nuerons that activate when we watch other humans do something
What is serotonin 2.4
A neurotransmitter that influences hunger, mood arousal, and sleep
What does the Medulla oblongata do 2.6
It is responsible for autonomic functions necessary for survival like respiration, blood pressure, and reflexes
what does the occipital lobe do, and where is it located? 2.6
It’s where you process what you see. It is located in the forebrain.
what do glial cells do 2.4
It protects and provides nutrients to the neurons.
what is re-uptake 2.4
When leftover neurotransmitters are left in the synapse and are recollected back into the neuron.
what is Maturationalism 2.1
The pattern in which people develop
What does a MRI do? 2.7
It involves placing people in an MRI machine and then sending a pulse, distorting atoms in your body. When the atoms move back into place it allows for detailed pictures of the brain in slices.
What is it the Cognitive and information processing theories 2.9
Sleep helps us restore and rebuild memories of the day’s experiences.
What happens when information enters the left visual field 2.7
It enters the right visual cortex which then allows them to draw what they saw with the left hand.
what is a depressant 2.8
Drugs that reduce neural activity
what is the right side of the brain responsible for 2.7
spatial, facial, and recognition awareness.
What is the “all or none” 2.4
When the electrical impulse reaches an intensity level and fires
what is the axon 2.4
A bundle of fibers that carries information away from the body.
What is the refractory period 2.4
When a neuron fires and cannot fire again until a level of intensity is achieved.
What are association areas 2.6
Areas that network with the other parts of the brain to create thoughts and form long term memories.
What is Glutamate 2.4
A neurotransmitter and a major excitatory involved in memory
what are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system 2.3
the autonomic and somatic nervous system
What does an fMRI do? 2.7
It involves placing people in an MRI machine and then sending a pulse, distorting atoms in your body. When the atoms move back into place, oxygen activity, along with atom activity is measured allowing for detailed pictures of the brain in slices and its hotspots.
What is the peripheral nervous system 2.3
It is a bundle of nerves that transmits information between the brain and body
What is heredity compared to environment 2.1
Heredity is nature and environment is nurture. A note here is that this is not nature vs nurture but both at the same time.
What does a PET scan do? 2.7
It involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose, which is the fuel for neurons. The PET scan then picks up on the hotspot where the brain is most active on and displays it on a picture.
what is the psychological sleep theory 2.9
Sleep helps us sort out the day’s events and merge our memories for storage.
what does the central nervous system do 2.3
Through the brain, it organizes our movements, creates our thoughts, forms our emotions, and produces our behaviours.
What is dopamine 2.4
A neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion.
what is the hypothalamus 2.2
It is a key to primal urges like hunger, sexual desire, anger, and fear.
What is reciprocal determinism 2.1
It is when the environment affects the person making the person react, thus affecting the environment.
What is resting potential 2.4
When there are more positive ions outside than inside the neuron.
what does the parietal lobe do and where is it located? 2.6
It is responsible for the sense of our largest organ, the skin. It is located in the forebrain.
What does the Reticular formation do and what part of the brain is it from 2.6
It is responsible for attention, arousal, and consciousness.
Located from the hindbrain
What is the synapse 2.4
the space between the terminal and the dendrite
What is Narcolepsy 2.9
When people have untrollable sleep attacks in which they randomly enter sleep cycle throughout the day.
What is the deepest part of sleep 2.9
NREM3
What is plasticity 2.1
that the brain changes itself on a celluar level based on the environment
What are stimulants 2.8
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
What are hallucinogens 2.8
Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke hallucinations
what is the endocrine systems main purpose 2.2
It is to allow communication between other parts of the body using glands and hormones through the blood stream.
What is antagonist 2.5
A drug that prevents the release of some neurotransmitters Producing a lesser effect or no effect at all
What is GABA 2.4
A major inhibitory for neurotransmitters
What is the left side of the brain responsible for 2.7
language and logic
What does the cerebellum do and what part of the brain is it from 2.6
It is responsible for coordination, posture, and balance.
Located from the hindbrain
what does the hypothalamus do and what part of the brain is it from 2.6
It is responsible for homeostasis a state of internal body balance, like temperature, hunger, but also hormones. Is located in the Midbrain
what is maturationalism 2.1
The pattern in which people develop
What is Action potential 2.4
When a neuron fires an impulse because of a positive sweep down the axon
Where are neurotransmitters stored 2.4
In sacs in the axon terminals.
What does an EEG do? 2.7
Electrodes placed on the patient’s head detect the electrical activity levels of brain waves of firing neurons
What is the idea of epigenetics 2.1
That environmental pressure can change activity of genes.
what is Neural transmission 2.4
When neurons send messages between adjacent neurons
What is a re-uptake inhibitor 2.5
blocks the process of re-uptake to produce a greater effect the next time the neuron is fired
what does the axon terminal/ terminal buttons/ terminal branches/ synaptic knobs/ synaptic end buttons do. 2.4
they store neurotransmitters
what do dendrites do 2.4
they receive chemical information from the adjacent neurons
What does the hippocampus do and where is it located 2.6
It is responsible for memory formatiom, emotional regulation, and learning. it is located in the midbrain.
what is the restoration sleep theory 2.9
During the day we use up resources. Sleep restores these resources and reenergizes the body.
What is the evolutionary approach 2.1
It is that Humans and animals have evolved to have characteristics that help them thrive, survive, and reproduce.
What is Acetylcholine 2.4
A neurotransmitter that enables muscle action , learning, and memory
What is an opiod 2.8
Drugs that reduce pain and slow the nervous system.
