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BEH 5042 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Contextualism

A

Consider the circumstances of behavior and its context

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2
Q

Field theory: Championed by

A

J. R. Kantor

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3
Q

Field theory: Looks at interaction between

A

Individual and the total field/environment

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4
Q

Interbehavioral psychology

A

Nothing has meaning outside of the context in which it occurs

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5
Q

Molar behaviorism: Looks at

A

Effects of reinforcement across temporally extended patterns of responding

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6
Q

Relational frame theory is a type of

A

Functional contextual behaviorist theory based on stimulus equivalence

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7
Q

Relational frame theory is considered an

A

Extension of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior

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8
Q

Acceptance and commitment therapy

A

RFT applied to psychological ailments

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9
Q

Postmodernism:
Relation to behavior analysts

A

Behavior analysis avoided this position post-WWII

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10
Q

Postmodernism: Position that

A

Everything is a social construction

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11
Q

Postmodernism: Augments

A

Power of 1 group over another

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12
Q

Selectionism

A

Describes the process of change over time

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13
Q

Natural selection: What is selected?

A

Genes

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14
Q

Cultural selection: What is selected?

A

Cultural practice

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15
Q

Operant selection: What is selected?

A

Behavior

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16
Q

Essentialism

A

Organisms are endowed with immutable features

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17
Q

Principle of variation

A

Not every member of a species is exactly the same

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18
Q

Principle of natural selection

A

Some traits and genes survive, others do not

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19
Q

Positive traits:

Traits that are

A

Selected for survival utility

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20
Q

Negative traits:

Traits that are

A

Deselected for liability to survival

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21
Q

Phylogeny

A

Deals with lifetime of the species

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22
Q

Natural phylogenic selection

A

Genetic characteristics passed on through sexual reproduction

23
Q

Sexual selection

A

Selection based on preferences for certain physical characteristics

24
Q

Social Darwinism:
Founder

A

Herbert Spencer

25
Q

Social Darwinism:
Believed poor or mentally ill exhibited

A

Lower levels of “fitness” for survival

26
Q

Social Darwinism:
Belief that led to

A

Eugenics used by the Nazis

27
Q

Eugenics

A

Uses artificial selective selection of desirable human traits

28
Q

Guided phylogenic selection

A

Desirable genetic characteristics passed onto future generations

29
Q

Guided phylogenic selection:
How are characteristics passed on?

A

Artificial and selective manipulation

30
Q

Ontogeny

A

Deals with lifetime of the individual

31
Q

Natural ontogenic selection

A

Behavior shaped by natural consequences in the environment

32
Q

Natural ontogenic selection:
Does not

A

Involve a change agent

33
Q

Guided ontogenic selection

A

Behavior shaped by change agent-delivered consequences

34
Q

Culture: Controls a group of people’s behavior (2)

A

(1) Common set of rules
(2) Contingencies involving others

35
Q

Social operant

A

Consequences are a function of interdependence between participants

36
Q

Natural cultural selection

A

New culturally normative behavior emerges

37
Q

Natural cultural selection:
Based on

A

Culture’s use of reinforcing and punishing practices

38
Q

The common good

A

Greatest good for the greatest number of people

39
Q

Guided cultural selection

A

Engineering cultural environments to promote desirable practices and outcomes

40
Q

Four world hypotheses (4)

A

1) Contextualism
2) Formism
3) Mechanism
4) Organicism

41
Q

Contextualism

A

World hypothesis most related to behavior analysis

42
Q

Pragmatism and contextualism ignore

A

Absolutes implicit in realism

43
Q

Pragmatism takes

A

Relativistic way of conceptualizing truth

44
Q

Contextualism takes

A

Relativistic way of conceptualizing events in our lives

45
Q

Contextualist view of word meaning

A

Variables responsible for its emission

46
Q

Idealist view of word meaning

A

Derived from essential qualities that define the object

47
Q

Selectionism vs. essentialism:

Selectionists assume

A

Organisms evolve and change over time

48
Q

Selectionism vs. essentialism:

Essentialists assume

A

Organisms retain fundamental qualities that do not ever change

49
Q

On the Origin of Species: Principles (2)

A

1) Principle of variation
2) Principle of natural selection

50
Q

Levels of selectionism (3)

A

1) Phylogenic
2) Ontogenic
3) Cultural

51
Q

Principles of selectionism (3)

A

1) Variation
2) Selection
3) Recurrence

52
Q

Impacts on behavioral variation (4)

A

1) Behavioral history
2) Current physiological conditions
3) Current contingencies
4) Genetic endowment

53
Q

Natural ontogenic selection AKA

A

Natural shaping

54
Q

Guided cultural selection AKA

A

Cultural husbandry

BEH 5042 (9 decks)

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