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BEH 5042 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Contextualism

A

Consider the circumstances of behavior and its context

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2
Q

Field theory: Championed by

A

J. R. Kantor

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3
Q

Field theory: Looks at interaction between

A

Individual and the total field/environment

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4
Q

Interbehavioral psychology

A

Nothing has meaning outside of the context in which it occurs

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5
Q

Molar behaviorism: Looks at

A

Effects of reinforcement across temporally extended patterns of responding

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6
Q

Relational frame theory is a type of

A

Functional contextual behaviorist theory based on stimulus equivalence

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7
Q

Relational frame theory is considered an

A

Extension of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior

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8
Q

Acceptance and commitment therapy

A

RFT applied to psychological ailments

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9
Q

Postmodernism:
Relation to behavior analysts

A

Behavior analysis avoided this position post-WWII

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10
Q

Postmodernism: Position that

A

Everything is a social construction

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11
Q

Postmodernism: Augments

A

Power of 1 group over another

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12
Q

Selectionism

A

Describes the process of change over time

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13
Q

Natural selection: What is selected?

A

Genes

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14
Q

Cultural selection: What is selected?

A

Cultural practice

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15
Q

Operant selection: What is selected?

A

Behavior

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16
Q

Essentialism

A

Organisms are endowed with immutable features

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17
Q

Principle of variation

A

Not every member of a species is exactly the same

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18
Q

Principle of natural selection

A

Some traits and genes survive, others do not

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19
Q

Positive traits:

Traits that are

A

Selected for survival utility

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20
Q

Negative traits:

Traits that are

A

Deselected for liability to survival

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21
Q

Phylogeny

A

Deals with lifetime of the species

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22
Q

Natural phylogenic selection

A

Genetic characteristics passed on through sexual reproduction

23
Q

Sexual selection

A

Selection based on preferences for certain physical characteristics

24
Q

Social Darwinism:
Founder

A

Herbert Spencer

25
Social Darwinism: Believed poor or mentally ill exhibited
Lower levels of "fitness" for survival
26
Social Darwinism: Belief that led to
Eugenics used by the Nazis
27
Eugenics
Uses artificial selective selection of desirable human traits
28
Guided phylogenic selection
Desirable genetic characteristics passed onto future generations
29
Guided phylogenic selection: How are characteristics passed on?
Artificial and selective manipulation
30
Ontogeny
Deals with lifetime of the individual
31
Natural ontogenic selection
Behavior shaped by natural consequences in the environment
32
Natural ontogenic selection: Does not
Involve a change agent
33
Guided ontogenic selection
Behavior shaped by change agent-delivered consequences
34
Culture: Controls a group of people’s behavior (2)
(1) Common set of rules (2) Contingencies involving others
35
Social operant
Consequences are a function of interdependence between participants
36
Natural cultural selection
New culturally normative behavior emerges
37
Natural cultural selection: Based on
Culture's use of reinforcing and punishing practices
38
The common good
Greatest good for the greatest number of people
39
Guided cultural selection
Engineering cultural environments to promote desirable practices and outcomes
40
Four world hypotheses (4)
1) Contextualism 2) Formism 3) Mechanism 4) Organicism
41
Contextualism
World hypothesis most related to behavior analysis
42
Pragmatism and contextualism ignore
Absolutes implicit in realism
43
Pragmatism takes
Relativistic way of conceptualizing truth
44
Contextualism takes
Relativistic way of conceptualizing events in our lives
45
Contextualist view of word meaning
Variables responsible for its emission
46
Idealist view of word meaning
Derived from essential qualities that define the object
47
Selectionism vs. essentialism: Selectionists assume
Organisms evolve and change over time
48
Selectionism vs. essentialism: Essentialists assume
Organisms retain fundamental qualities that do not ever change
49
On the Origin of Species: Principles (2)
1) Principle of variation 2) Principle of natural selection
50
Levels of selectionism (3)
1) Phylogenic 2) Ontogenic 3) Cultural
51
Principles of selectionism (3)
1) Variation 2) Selection 3) Recurrence
52
Impacts on behavioral variation (4)
1) Behavioral history 2) Current physiological conditions 3) Current contingencies 4) Genetic endowment
53
Natural ontogenic selection AKA
Natural shaping
54
Guided cultural selection AKA
Cultural husbandry

BEH 5042 (9 decks)

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