Unit 2

Question 1

Assumptions

Answer 1

Verbal and nonverbal responses about the status of reality

Question 2

Assumptions allow us to

Answer 2

Operate in the world and our subject matter

Question 3

Ontological assumptions:
Concerned with

Answer 3

Nature of being and existence whether immaterial or material in nature

Question 4

Epistemological assumptions (4)

Answer 4

How we come to know about:
1) Truth
2) The universe
3) Our world
4) Humankind

Question 5

Idealism

Answer 5

“The world as we know it is immaterial as it consists of the ideas that we construct about it in our minds”

Question 6

Materialism

Answer 6

“The world is made of real material things that exist independently of ourselves, our minds, or anything else”

Question 7

Rationalism

Answer 7

“It is possible to know about the world through the exercise of rational thought”

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

“It is possible to know about the world through our experiences with it”

Question 9

Rationalism: Truth can be known through

Answer 9

Deductive reasoning

Question 10

Empiricism: Truth can be known through

Answer 10

Inductive reasoning

Question 11

Idealistic monism

Answer 11

“All of reality is composed of 1 thing (mind or spirit)”

Question 12

Materialistic monism

Answer 12

“The mind does not exist and everything is physical, body, and behavior”

Question 13

Neutral monism

Answer 13

“The mind and body are aspects of a 3rd reality where spiritual and physical merge into a single reality”

Question 14

Dualism

Answer 14

“There are 2 entities, a mind and a body, that interact with one another”

Question 15

Mechanism

Answer 15

The hypothetical system responsible for altering stimulus functions and/or behavior-environment relations

Question 16

Metaphysics:
Categories proposed by philosophy (2)

Answer 16

1) Ontological
2) Epistemological

Question 17

Ontological assumptions (2)

Answer 17

1) Idealism
2) Materialism

Question 18

Epistemological assumptions (2)

Answer 18

(1) Rationalism
(2) Empiricism

Question 19

Ontological question:

Plato’s answer

Answer 19

Experience of the world is filtered through the mind

Question 20

Ontological question:

Aristotle’s answer

Answer 20

Experience of the world is through direct contact

Question 21

Ontological question:

Radical behaviorist’s answer

Answer 21

Behavior is materialistic in nature

Question 22

Idealism often goes with

Answer 22

Rationalism

Question 23

Materialism often goes with

Answer 23

Empiricism

Question 24

Types of monisms (3)

Answer 24

1) Idealistic (mentalistic)

2) Materialistic (physicalism)

3) Neutral

Question 25

Areas of study that formed psychology (2)

Answer 25

1) Study of mind
2) Study of body

Question 26

Study of mind is based on

Answer 26

Philosophy

Question 27

Study of body is based on

Answer 27

Physiology

Question 28

Relation between mind and body: Behaviorist’s position

Answer 28

Materialistic monism