unit 3c study guide

Question 1

What is the term for the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

4 main stages of the cell cycle

Answer 2

gap 1, synthesis, gap 2, mitosis

Question 3

what stages are considered to make up interphase

Answer 3

gap 1 synthesis gap 2

Question 4

which stage of the cell cycle takes the most time

Answer 4

gap 1

Question 5

during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell make a copy of its nuclear DNA

Answer 5

synthesis

Question 6

which phase does the nucleus divide

Answer 6

mitosis

Question 7

what is the term for the division of the cytoplasm

Answer 7

cytokinesis

Question 8

4 other types of eukaryotes in which the cell cycle occurs

Answer 8

plants, animals, fungi, protists

Question 9

what is the term for the division of prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

binary fission

Question 10

which is more complex mitosis or binary fission

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

do all human cells divide at the same rate

Answer 11

no

Question 12

2 types of cells that rarely or never divide

Answer 12

Neurons, lymphocytes

Question 13

why do cells have a minimum size
why do cells have a maximum size

Answer 13

Min- must be big enough to contain all of the necessary organelles and molecules.

Max- cannot get to large materials need to be transported easily have have plenty of surface area for gas exchange

Question 14

what are chromatids

Answer 14

Each chromosome is made of two identical sets of DNA called chromatids

Question 15

what joins sister chromatids together

Answer 15

centromere

Question 16

were are telomeres located

Answer 16

ends of chromosomes

Question 17

what is the purpose of telomeres

Answer 17

they prevent the ends of the chromosomes from accidentally attaching to each other

Question 18

how many cells are produced by one mitotic division

Answer 18

two identical

Question 19

in what type of cells does mitosis occur

Answer 19

eukaryotic

Question 20

4 main phases of mitosis

Answer 20

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 21

what occurs during prophase

Answer 21

Chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes , this nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form

Question 22

metaphase

Answer 22

Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and line up in the middle of the cell

Question 23

anaphase

Answer 23

Sister chromatids separate from each other, the spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids away from each other and toward opposite sides of the cell.

Question 24

telophase

Answer 24

A complete set of identical chromosome is positioned at the pole of each cell. The nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fiber fall apart

Question 25

difference in cytokinesis animal cell vs plant cell

Answer 25

a: pinches off
p: a cell plate forms down the middle this cell plate becomes part of the cell wall

Question 26

2 general types of factors that help regulate cell cycles

Answer 26

external/internal

Question 27

what is the role of growth factors

Answer 27

Broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division/ bind to receptors that activate specific genes to trigger cell growth

Question 28

apoptosis

Answer 28

Programmed cell death/ occurs when internal or external signals active genes that help to produce self destructive enzymes

Question 29

what is the term for a class of disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Answer 29

cancer

Question 30

benign tumor and malignant tumor

Answer 30

benign: cancer cells typically remain clustered together/ relatively harmless can be cured by removing them
Malignant: Allow some cancer cells to break away, or metastasize from the tumor

Question 31

3 negative impacts a tumor may cause

Answer 31

spread cancer, takes up lots of space causing a lot of pressure on surrounding organs, allow cells to metastasize from the tumor

Question 32

what is a mutation

Answer 32

an error in the gene

Question 33

role of oncogenes

Answer 33

accelerates the cell cycle

Question 34

causes of cancer

Answer 34

carcinogens

Question 35

what is a carcinogen

Answer 35

substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer

Question 36

a cancer that’s caused by a virus

Answer 36

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 37

radiation chemo

Answer 37

write on paper