Unit 3b review Flashcards
Main purpose for photosynthesis?
to capture energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
What type of organisms carry out photosynthesis?
plants
What is the main pigment that allows for photosynthesis to occur?
a green pigment called chlorophyll
In what organelles does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
grana-
thylakoids-
stroma-
1) stacks of coin shaped membrane enclosed compartments called thylakoids
2)contain chlorophyll, other light absorbing molecules, and proteins
3) fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast
Two stages of photosynthesis
light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
two reactants of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide, water
two products of photosynthesis
oxygen, glucose
chemical equation for photosynthesis
write down
Another name for light independent reactions in photosynthesis?
Calvin cycle
What is main purpose for cellular respiration
cells release chemical energy from sugars, to produce ATP in the presence of oxygen
What type of organisms carry out cellular respiration
Plants/animals
what does ATP represent
Adenosine triphosphate
aerobic
anaerobic
aerobic- takes place in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic- takes place in the absence of oxygen
what process is cellular respiration
aerobic
1st stage of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
where does the first stage of cellular respiration occur
cyptoplasm
is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic
anaerobic
how many molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis
two molecules of ATP
Where does the majority of cellular respiration occur
mitochondria
What another name for the Krebs cycle
Citric acid cycle
How many total ATP molecules are produced from cellular respiration
38
basic equation for cellular respiration
write down
when would human cells turn to fermentation as a source of ATP
it can generate ATP quickly for working muscle cells when oxygen is scarce
list three foods that are produced as a result of fermentation
breads, cheese, and yogurt
list 4 types of plant tissue
dermal, vascular, ground, and merisematic
where is dermal tissue found
upper dermal layer at the top of the leaf and lower dermal layer at the bottom
what is the main function of dermal tissue
covers and protects the plant
where is ground tissue found
takes up most of the inside of a plant
what is the main function of ground tissue
provides support, stores materials in roots and stems, stores water in cacti
describe vascular tissue
Networks of hollow tubes
similar to our veins and arteries
what is the main function of vascular tissue
to transport water and nutrients and carry sugars made during photosynthesis
xylem:
phloem:
1) transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients
2) carries sugars made during photosynthesis, throughout the plant
where can meristematic tissue be found
tip of roots and stems
what is the main function of meristematic tissue
every time the cell divides, one cell remains identical to the parent cell, and the other forms specialized structures ( to divide and produce new cells)
name three plant organs
roots stems leaves
list four functions of roots
absorbs nutrients from soil, anchor plant, helps store food and nutrients, and transports water and minerals
how do root hairs help plants
increase surface area of the root to provided a larger surface to absorb water plus minerals
differentiate between a tissue and an organ
Tissue-group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function.
Organ- structures made up of a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
list three functions of stems
support, transport materials, anchor plant
differentiate between herbaceous and woody stems
Herbaceous- produce little to no wood, soft and often green
Woody- usually found in dicots, such as trees and bushes
the oldest part of the xylem is in the center
phloem produced near the outside forms the inner layer of the bark
difference between primary growth and secondary growth.
Primary- occurs when stems grow taller or roots grow deeper, growth is vertical.
secondary- growth adds to the width of stems and roots. This growth is horizontal.
which type of growth is responsible for tree rings
secondary
what is the significance of a tree ring
represents 1 year of growth
what is the purpose of the cuticle on a leaf
forms a waxy water resistant covering, protects inner tissues
what are stomata and were are they located
Stromata are openings of the leaves, they are located the underside of the leaf
what is transpiration
the release of water vapor through the stromata of leaves
what allows stomata to open and close
guard cells
at what time of day are stomata typically closed
night
what else may cause stomata to close
plant cell starts loosing water from transpiration, guard cells deflate and close the stromata.
describe one example of a plant that has specific leaf adaptations
cacti
what is the main function of flowers
to attract pollinators
why are the petals of the flower often brightly colored
to attract pollinators
Male flower part:
Female flower part:
m)stamen
f) budding fruit
what part of a flower produces pollen
stamen
which part of a flower is a stalk that holds up the anther
filament
which part of a flower collects pollen
stigma
which part of a flower is a passageway from the stigma to the ovary
pistil
which part of a flower contains egg cells
ovary
which part of a flower protects the flower while its still a bud
sepals
what occurs during the pollination of a flower
pollination occurs when a grain of pollen lands on another flowers stigma
what occurs during the fertilization of a flower
Fertilization occurs when the sperm unites with the egg cells, the zygote will develop a seed.
what occurs during the germination of a seed
the embryo will break out of the seed coat and begin to grow into a seedling.
