Unit 3a 3.1 3.2 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a theory

A

A theory is a proposed explanation for a wider range of observations and experimental results/ supported by a lot of evidence

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2
Q

What invention enabled the discovery of cells

A

Microscope

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3
Q

Who coined the term cell

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

Who published the first statement of the cell theory

A

Theador Schwann

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5
Q

what was incorrect about the first version of the cell theory

A

Spontaneous generation is false

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6
Q

who first realized that cells only come from preexisting cells

A

Rudolph Virchow

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7
Q

Three parts of cell theory

A

1.) All living things are composed of cells
2.) cells are the basic units of structure and function for living things
3.)All cells come from preexisting cells

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8
Q

List the two broad categories of living things

A

1.) Prokaryotic 2.) Eukaryotic

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9
Q

Contrast the way in which DNA is stored in the two types of cells.

A

Eukaryotic- DNA enclosed in the nucleus Pro- DNA is suspended from the cyptoplasm

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10
Q

Which type is more basic

A

pro

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11
Q

Which is smaller in size

A

Pro

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12
Q

Which is always Unicellular

A

Pro

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13
Q

Which can be unicellular or multicellular

A

Eukaryotic

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14
Q

Which two general types of organisms are prokaryotic

A

Bacteria Archea

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15
Q

4 categories of eukaryotes

A

animals, plants protist, fungi

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16
Q

Which of the two types does not contain many specialized organelles?

A

Prokaryotic

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17
Q

What typically surrounds prokaryotic cells?

A

cell wall

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18
Q

List two general functions of the cytoskeleton

A

Maintains cell shape, Hold organelles in place

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18
Q

What is the main component of the cytoskeleton?

A

Protein

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19
Q

What is the largest type of fiber in the cytoskeleton

A

Microtube

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20
Q

What is the smallest type of fiber in the Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

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21
Q

What is one of the key jobs of a cell

A

making protein

22
Q

how many types of amino acids have been discovered

A

20

23
Q

which cell organelle contains DNA

A

nucleus

24
Q

Which cell organelle is made of many folds and fills up much of the cytoplasm? Both proteins and lipids are formed in it.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

25
Q

which cell organelle makes proteins

A

Ribsomes

26
Q

Which cell organelle where are ribosomes themselves assemble

A

nucleolus

27
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

covered with Ribosomes

28
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Do not contain Ribosomes

29
Q

Which cell organelle processes, sorts, packages, and delivers proteins.

A

Golgi apparatus

30
Q

which cell organelle transports various materials from place to place within a cell

A

vesicles

31
Q

Which cell organelles supply energy to the cell

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

What cell organelle is used for storage

A

Vacuole

33
Q

Which cell organelle contains enzymes that can break down materials

A

lysomes

34
Q

which cell organelle produces microtubules

A

centrosomes

35
Q

in what type of cell are centrioles typically found

A

Animal cells

35
Q

what material makes up both cilia and flagella

A

centrioles

36
Q

Cilia

A

looks like little hairs

37
Q

Flagella

A

resembles a whip

38
Q

Four general types of organisms that have cell walls

A

plants, algae, fungi, bacteria

39
Q

which cell organelle carries out photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

40
Q

Two types of cells that contain chloroplasts

A

1.) plant 2.) algae

41
Q

What is another name for that plasma membrane

A

cell membrane

42
Q

Describe the general structure of the plasma membrane

A

Consists of a double layer of phospholipids interspersed with a variety of other molecules

43
Q

What is the main purpose for the cholesterol that’s embedded in the plasma membrane

A

strengthens the cell membrane

44
Q

What is one role of protein that’s embedded in the plasma membrane

A

Helps materials cross the membrane

45
Q

The cell membrane is selectively permeable./ What does that mean

A

It lets some materials through but not others

46
Q

How do small, nonpolar molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Pass easily

47
Q

What is the specific term for the diffusion of water

A

Osmosis

48
Q

How do small, polar molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane

A

Transported via proteins

49
Q

How do large molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane

A

Moved in vesicles

50
Q

Differentiate between active and passive transport

A

Act- Requires energy for movement of molecules, while passive does not

51
Q

Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Endocytosis-process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane

Exocytosis- Cell releases substances when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and expels its contents