Unit 3a 3.1 3.2 3.3 Flashcards
What is a theory
A theory is a proposed explanation for a wider range of observations and experimental results/ supported by a lot of evidence
What invention enabled the discovery of cells
Microscope
Who coined the term cell
Robert Hooke
Who published the first statement of the cell theory
Theador Schwann
what was incorrect about the first version of the cell theory
Spontaneous generation is false
who first realized that cells only come from preexisting cells
Rudolph Virchow
Three parts of cell theory
1.) All living things are composed of cells
2.) cells are the basic units of structure and function for living things
3.)All cells come from preexisting cells
List the two broad categories of living things
1.) Prokaryotic 2.) Eukaryotic
Contrast the way in which DNA is stored in the two types of cells.
Eukaryotic- DNA enclosed in the nucleus Pro- DNA is suspended from the cyptoplasm
Which type is more basic
pro
Which is smaller in size
Pro
Which is always Unicellular
Pro
Which can be unicellular or multicellular
Eukaryotic
Which two general types of organisms are prokaryotic
Bacteria Archea
4 categories of eukaryotes
animals, plants protist, fungi
Which of the two types does not contain many specialized organelles?
Prokaryotic
What typically surrounds prokaryotic cells?
cell wall
List two general functions of the cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape, Hold organelles in place
What is the main component of the cytoskeleton?
Protein
What is the largest type of fiber in the cytoskeleton
Microtube
What is the smallest type of fiber in the Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
What is one of the key jobs of a cell
making protein
how many types of amino acids have been discovered
20
which cell organelle contains DNA
nucleus
Which cell organelle is made of many folds and fills up much of the cytoplasm? Both proteins and lipids are formed in it.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
which cell organelle makes proteins
Ribsomes
Which cell organelle where are ribosomes themselves assemble
nucleolus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
covered with Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Do not contain Ribosomes
Which cell organelle processes, sorts, packages, and delivers proteins.
Golgi apparatus
which cell organelle transports various materials from place to place within a cell
vesicles
Which cell organelles supply energy to the cell
Mitochondria
What cell organelle is used for storage
Vacuole
Which cell organelle contains enzymes that can break down materials
lysomes
which cell organelle produces microtubules
centrosomes
in what type of cell are centrioles typically found
Animal cells
what material makes up both cilia and flagella
centrioles
Cilia
looks like little hairs
Flagella
resembles a whip
Four general types of organisms that have cell walls
plants, algae, fungi, bacteria
which cell organelle carries out photosynthesis
chloroplasts
Two types of cells that contain chloroplasts
1.) plant 2.) algae
What is another name for that plasma membrane
cell membrane
Describe the general structure of the plasma membrane
Consists of a double layer of phospholipids interspersed with a variety of other molecules
What is the main purpose for the cholesterol that’s embedded in the plasma membrane
strengthens the cell membrane
What is one role of protein that’s embedded in the plasma membrane
Helps materials cross the membrane
The cell membrane is selectively permeable./ What does that mean
It lets some materials through but not others
How do small, nonpolar molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane?
Pass easily
What is the specific term for the diffusion of water
Osmosis
How do small, polar molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane
Transported via proteins
How do large molecules typically pass through the plasma membrane
Moved in vesicles
Differentiate between active and passive transport
Act- Requires energy for movement of molecules, while passive does not
Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis-process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
Exocytosis- Cell releases substances when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and expels its contents
