Unit 3a Vocab Flashcards
Culture
Def: The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technology’s shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation
ex: Clothing, literature, food, and music
- Cultural iceburg
Stimulus diffusion
Def: Traits spread to another culture or region but are modified to adopt to the new culture
ex: a trigger of a new idea
- a mixture or blending
Cultural relativism
Def: The evaluation of a culture by its own standards
ex: putting aside your own beliefs
- grasshopper at friends house
Ethnocentrism
Def: the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture
ex: the belief that ones cultures group is superior
cultural trait
Def: a shared object or cultural practice
ex: muslim women wearing hijabs
Cultural landscape
Def: a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values
ex: Fences, roads, crops, hiking trails,
- language, agricultural practices , architecture, religion, sequent occupance
sequent occupance
Def: the notion that successive society’s leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape
ex: spanish conquistadors giving their religion of roman catholic to most parts of south america such as costa rica
sense of place
Def: the subjective feeling and memories people associate with a geographic location
ex: from personal memories or movies/tv shows cn effect sense of place
centripetal force
Def: force that unites a group of people
ex: common language, national sport
- create solidarity, and provide stability
centrifugal forces
Def: a force that divides a group of people
ex: violence, civil unrest, war, two or more ethnic groups, own political status, wishing to separate and form their own country
relocation diffusion
Def: the spread of cultural traits through the movement of people
ex: African- American migrants influences northern culture by bringing the blues
- its the people moving the ideas/trends
expansion diffusion
Def: the spread of cultural traits outward from where it originated
ex: - three types contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus
-cultural traits moving without the people
contagious diffusion
Def: the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power
ex: an outbreak of a disease
- person to person through contact
hierarchical diffusion
Def: The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority or other people or places
ex: a fashion trend
cultural hearth
Def: an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse
ex: indus river valley, nile river valley, huang he river valley, and mesoamerica (where most cultural traits came from)
Creolization
Def: The blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language
ex: Haitian creole( french and african
- Its an official language
Lingua franca
Def: common language used among speakers of different languages
ex: english is the biggest lingua franca around the world
Colonialism
Def: The practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories
ex: the spanish colonization of south america
Globalization
Def: The expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale
ex: the internet speeding up globalization
-english being the most used lingua franca
indigenous languages
Def: a language that is spoken by the original inhabitants of a place, area, or region
ex: the navajo language is indigenous to most native americans
cultural divergence
Def: the process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers
ex: can happen when a person or group moves away from their core culture and are exposed to new cultural traits
cultural convergence
Def: The process by which cultures become more similar through interaction
ex: - influenced by spatial patterns
- closer proximity= more alike/more connected
language families
Def: a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin
ex: The indo european family is the biggest family
language branch
Def: a collection of languages within a language family that shares a common origin ans separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago
ex: The romance branch in the indo- european family that derived from latin
Dialect
Def: a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling
ex: Different of the regions of the U.S. You(y’all)
Indo- European language family
Def: A diverse language family that includes most of the languages of europe and many languages of South and South west Asia
ex: Romance, balto slavic, germanic, indo-iranian
syncretism
Def: process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new
ex: immigration, military conquest, marriages between groups
- a combination between two cultures to create new ideas, values, or practices
multiculturalism
Def: a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating
ex: The united states having one main culture but many people with different culture of their own
acculturation
Def:the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture
ex: fashion: muslim women continuing to wear their hijabs while still doing current fashion trends
assimilation
Def: a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures result in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other
ex: The U.S. government removing Native american children from their families and forcing them to learn/speak english and take on english names
pidgin language
Def: A simplified form of speech that comes from one or more existing languages and combines factors from either all of them or none of them( not an official language)
ex: in india many people speak an improper simplified form of english to communicate
imperialism
Def: the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control over other nations or people
ex: when Spain, Portugal, Britain, france, the netherlands, and belgium took control of distant territories already claimed by other people.
