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Ap human geo > Unit 3a Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3a Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Def: The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technology’s shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

ex: Clothing, literature, food, and music
- Cultural iceburg

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2
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

Def: Traits spread to another culture or region but are modified to adopt to the new culture

ex: a trigger of a new idea
- a mixture or blending

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3
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Def: The evaluation of a culture by its own standards

ex: putting aside your own beliefs
- grasshopper at friends house

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4
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Def: the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

ex: the belief that ones cultures group is superior

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5
Q

cultural trait

A

Def: a shared object or cultural practice

ex: muslim women wearing hijabs

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6
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Def: a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

ex: Fences, roads, crops, hiking trails,
- language, agricultural practices , architecture, religion, sequent occupance

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7
Q

sequent occupance

A

Def: the notion that successive society’s leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

ex: spanish conquistadors giving their religion of roman catholic to most parts of south america such as costa rica

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8
Q

sense of place

A

Def: the subjective feeling and memories people associate with a geographic location

ex: from personal memories or movies/tv shows cn effect sense of place

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9
Q

centripetal force

A

Def: force that unites a group of people

ex: common language, national sport
- create solidarity, and provide stability

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10
Q

centrifugal forces

A

Def: a force that divides a group of people

ex: violence, civil unrest, war, two or more ethnic groups, own political status, wishing to separate and form their own country

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11
Q

relocation diffusion

A

Def: the spread of cultural traits through the movement of people

ex: African- American migrants influences northern culture by bringing the blues
- its the people moving the ideas/trends

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12
Q

expansion diffusion

A

Def: the spread of cultural traits outward from where it originated

ex: - three types contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus
-cultural traits moving without the people

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13
Q

contagious diffusion

A

Def: the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power

ex: an outbreak of a disease
- person to person through contact

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14
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

Def: The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority or other people or places

ex: a fashion trend

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15
Q

cultural hearth

A

Def: an area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

ex: indus river valley, nile river valley, huang he river valley, and mesoamerica (where most cultural traits came from)

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16
Q

Creolization

A

Def: The blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language

ex: Haitian creole( french and african
- Its an official language

17
Q

Lingua franca

A

Def: common language used among speakers of different languages

ex: english is the biggest lingua franca around the world

18
Q

Colonialism

A

Def: The practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories

ex: the spanish colonization of south america

19
Q

Globalization

A

Def: The expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale

ex: the internet speeding up globalization
-english being the most used lingua franca

20
Q

indigenous languages

A

Def: a language that is spoken by the original inhabitants of a place, area, or region

ex: the navajo language is indigenous to most native americans

21
Q

cultural divergence

A

Def: the process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers

ex: can happen when a person or group moves away from their core culture and are exposed to new cultural traits

22
Q

cultural convergence

A

Def: The process by which cultures become more similar through interaction

ex: - influenced by spatial patterns
- closer proximity= more alike/more connected

23
Q

language families

A

Def: a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin

ex: The indo european family is the biggest family

24
Q

language branch

A

Def: a collection of languages within a language family that shares a common origin ans separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago

ex: The romance branch in the indo- european family that derived from latin

25
Q

Dialect

A

Def: a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling

ex: Different of the regions of the U.S. You(y’all)

26
Q

Indo- European language family

A

Def: A diverse language family that includes most of the languages of europe and many languages of South and South west Asia

ex: Romance, balto slavic, germanic, indo-iranian

27
Q

syncretism

A

Def: process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new

ex: immigration, military conquest, marriages between groups
- a combination between two cultures to create new ideas, values, or practices

28
Q

multiculturalism

A

Def: a situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

ex: The united states having one main culture but many people with different culture of their own

29
Q

acculturation

A

Def:the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

ex: fashion: muslim women continuing to wear their hijabs while still doing current fashion trends

30
Q

assimilation

A

Def: a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures result in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

ex: The U.S. government removing Native american children from their families and forcing them to learn/speak english and take on english names

31
Q

pidgin language

A

Def: A simplified form of speech that comes from one or more existing languages and combines factors from either all of them or none of them( not an official language)

ex: in india many people speak an improper simplified form of english to communicate

32
Q

imperialism

A

Def: the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control over other nations or people

ex: when Spain, Portugal, Britain, france, the netherlands, and belgium took control of distant territories already claimed by other people.

Ap human geo (8 decks)

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