Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A level Physics > Unit 3.2 - Vibrations > Flashcards

Unit 3.2 - Vibrations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

2 categories of all motions

A

Periodic motion
Non-periodic motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Periodic motion

A

An object repeats the same pattern of motion over certain periods of time (e.g - butterfly wings and machines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the problem with the pattern of periodic motion

A

Often complex and difficult to analyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do we use to help us analyse periodic motion? Why?

A

Use motion in a circle, as it’s also periodic and is easier to understand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oscillator

A

An object moving backwards and forwards in a periodic motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oscillation

A

The motion of the oscillator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Period

A

The time taken for one oscillation (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Frequency

A

The number of oscillations in a fixed amount of time (per second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amplitude (when describing simple harmonic motion)

A

The largest displacement form the undisturbed position (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phase (when describing simple harmonic motion)

A

The relationship cycle between 2 systems oscillating or between 2 points in a single oscillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How could you describe 1 complete oscillation?

A

Motion from one point, passing through all the other points, passing through all the other points on the line and returning to the original position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is independent of the amplitude of the oscillator during simple harmonic motion?

A

Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Equation for acceleration towards the centre of a circle and how it’s adapted for simple harmonic motion

A

a = ω^2r

In simple harmonic motion, the acceleration has an inverse relationship with the distance from the midpoint, so the RHS becomes negative, and r is replaced with x (displacement)

a = -ω^2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does acceleration have an inverse relationship with in simple harmonic motio?

A

Distance from the midpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 3 things can be deduced from the equation a = -ω^2x?

A

The acceleration is proportional to the displacement
The direction of the acceleration is opposite to the direction of displacement
The motion’s acceleration is only dependent on the period and the displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is simple harmonic motion’s acceleration dependent on?

A

The period and the displacement (not the amplitude)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is simple harmonic motion called this?

A

Sinusoidal motion and a pretty straightforward equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Simple harmonic motion definition

A

Simple harmonic motion occurs when an object moves such that its acceleration is always directed towards a fixed point (equilibrium position) and proportional to its distance from the fixed point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In which direction is the force causing simple harmonic motion?

A

In the same direction as the acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Relationship between the force and displacement from the centre point in simple harmonic motion

A

The force is directly proportional to the displacement from the centre point and is always directed towards it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do we know if an x vs t graph uses a cos function?

A

It starts at a maximum (x=A when t=0), then at t = T/2 the displacement is A again. The displacement is at zero exactly halfway between t=0 and t=T/2, then is at A again at t=T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the graph of displacement against time repeat its motion for simple harmonic motion?

A

With a period of T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do we model the displacement (x) sinusoidally from a cos graph of displacement against time?

A

We need to relate time t to an angle
The period of a sine graph = 2pi radian
So, to construct the model, we multiply t by 2pi/T radian s-1
So, when t=T —> 2pi/T = 2pi radian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How come x=A when t=0, T and 2T on the displacement against time graph?

A

Using x ∝ cos (2pi/T x t)

The equation gives +1, which is the maximum value of cos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How come x = -A when t=0.5T, 1.5T and 2.5T on a displacement against time graph?

A

Using x ∝ cos (2pi/T x t)

Gives -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the maximum value of cos?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can we write as x = A when cos (2pi/T x t) = 1?

A

x = Acos (2pi/T x t)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Derive the equation x = Acos(ωt)

A

x = Acos (2pi/T x t)

ω = 2pi/T

So, x = Acos(ωt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Under what conditions is it okay to use the equation x=Acos(ωt)?

A

As long as the timing starts at the maximum oscillation (amplitude)
I.e. - when t=0, x=A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is the equation for simple harmonic motion altered when the displacement starts being timed with the amplitude at the bottom?

A

x = -Acos(ωt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is the equation for simple harmonic motion altered when the displacements starts being timed with the amplitude in the middle, going up?

A

x = Asin(ωt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How is the equation for simple harmonic motion altered when the displacement starts being timed with the amplitude in the middle, going down?

A

x = -Asin(ωt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When can we not just alter the simple harmonic motion equation?

A

If timing wasn’t started exactly at a middle or maximum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If timing wasn’t started exactly at a middle or maximum, what must we do to the simple harmonic motion equation?

A

A term must be added to the ωt to compensate for the difference in phase —> ε

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

General equation for simple harmonic motion

A

x = Acos (wt + ε)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does ε stand for in the simple harmonic motion equation?

A

The phase difference that is given in radians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is ε basically used for?

A

To “shift” the function back to the cos function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Equation for the period of a system having stiffness (force per unit extension) k, and mass m

A

T = 2pi √m/k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is k in T = 2pi √m/k

A

Spring constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Spring constant

A

Force per unit extension (stiffness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Unit of k

A

Nm-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Give 2 examples of simple harmonic motion

A

A mass-spring system
A pendulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When is the the velocity of an object undergoing SHM at its maximum?

A

When the object travels through the midpoint of oscillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happens to the velocity of an object undergoing SHM as it reaches its maxima?

A

Decelerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How do we know that the velocity of an object undergoing SHM is at its maximum when travelling through the midpoint of oscillation?

A

The steepest gradient on a displacement against time graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the gradient of a displacement against time graph?

A

Velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How do we know if a graph is a cos graph?

A

Values between -1 and +1 only
Starts at a maximum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

T in an angle

A

2pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

T/2 in an angle

A

Pi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

T/4 in an angle

A

Pi/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

3/4T in an angle

A

3pi/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the velocity of an object undergoing SHM at the maximum position?

A

Zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How can we prove that acceleration and displacement are out of phase during SHM?

A

Using a displacement against time graph
At maximum displacement, the velocity is zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are out of phase during SHM?

A

Displacement and acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Velocity at t = T/4 on a cos graph

A

-Vmax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Velocity at T/2 on a cos graph

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Velocity at T3/4 on a cos graph

A

+Vmax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Velocity at T on a cos graph

A

O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Velocity at t=0 on a cos graph

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

How do we derive the velocity in SHM equation?

A

Equation for displacement during SHM:
x = Acos (wt + ε)

From this equation, we see that the maximum displacement (A) occurs when the value of the cos term is 0 or pi

We require an expression that returns a value of zero at these points and a maximum when x=0

The sin function gives us this result - it is exactly the same shape as a cosine wave, but pi/2 out of phase
That is, when sin x=1, cos x=0 and when sin x=0, cos x = +-1

So, the velocity for an object at any time t undergoing SHM is given by V= -Asin (wt + ε)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Equation for displacement during SHM

A

x = Acos (wt + ε)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Equation for velocity in SHM

A

V = -Awsin (wt + ε)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Can the equation for velocity in SHM be adapted to get rid of the phase factor (ε)?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Prove that the equation for the velocity of an object in SHM works

A

At t = T/4…

(ε = 0)

V = -Asin (wt + ε)
V = -Awsin (2pi/2 x T/4)
(Simplified and calculated)
V = -Aw
So, -Vmax = -Aw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

When do we need to ensure that the calculator is in radians?

A

Whenever using sin or cos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

How do we put the calculator in radians?

A

1.) shift
2.) menu setup
3.) 2 (angle unit)
4.) 2 (radians)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

ε

A

Phase angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What value does ε usually have?

A

+ pi/2 or -pi/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is T also equivalent to? (2 different things)

A

1/f

2pi/w

71
Q

What can both the displacement and acceleration during SHM motion equations be used to derive? How?

A

By inputting the displacement equation into the acceleration equation
a = -w^2x

72
Q

Where does the equation a = -w^2x come from?

A

Inputting x=Acos(wt + ε) into a = -Awcos(wt + ε)

73
Q

Where would friction come from during SHM?

A

Air resistance or at the point of suspension

74
Q

What does an object in SHM do if there’s no friction at all?

A

Will preserve all energy that is has ben given to start moving

75
Q

What happens to energy during SHM in the real world? Give an example of how we know this is true

A

Energy is lost
A pendulum doesn’t swing forever

76
Q

In which situation can we disregard energy losses in oscillation calculations? Why?

A

Over a few oscillations to a close approximation, since the energy losses are only small

77
Q

When a dynamic trolley is tethered between 2 identical springs, what can this pretty much be taken as?

A

It’s like fixing the trolley in the middle of a spring twice the length of either of the 2 springs, so the 2 springs together be regarded as one spring which obey’s Hooke’s law

78
Q

What will the resultant force exerted by the springs be when a trolley tethered between 2 identical springs is pulled to one side of the equilibrium position so that its displacement is x?

A

-kx

79
Q

What do we need to calculate to calculate the energy stored in a stretched spring?

A

The work done on the spring in stretching it

80
Q

How do we calculate the work done in extending a spring from extension 0 to extension x?

A

By calculating the energy transferred to it

81
Q

Equation for calculating the work done on spring (energy transferred to it)

A

Average resultant force applied x extension

82
Q

Under which conditions can we use the equation…
Work done on spring (energy transferred to it) = average resultant force applied x extension
?

A

Assuming that Hooke’s law is obeyed
Apply force Fapplied
Causes extension x

83
Q

Derive the equation W = 1/2Kx^2

A

Energy stored in a spring
W = 1/2k
Force applied
F = kx
Energy stored (elastic potential energy)
W = 1/2kx^2

84
Q

Equation for energy stored in a spring

A

W = 1/2kx

85
Q

Equation for force applied to a spring

A

F = kx

86
Q

Why is the equation for the energy stored in a spring W = 1/2kx

A

Area under the force-extension graph

87
Q

Equation for energy stored in a spring (elastic potential energy)

A

W = 1/2kx^2

88
Q

If frictional forces are neglected, what happens to the potential energy stored in a spring when the trolley between 2 springs is release?

A

Be converted into kinetic energy and the trolley returns to its equilibrium position

89
Q

When a trolley between 2 springs is in its equilibrium position, what are the values of displacement and potential energy?

A

x = 0
So Ep = 0

90
Q

Relationship between kinetic energy and potential energy

A

Ek + Ep = constant = Ep(max)

91
Q

When is the maximum potential energy of a spring system?

A

When the mass has x=A

92
Q

Equation for working out Ep max

A

Ep (max) = 1/2kA^2

93
Q

Equation for working out the kinetic energy of a spring with extension x + show how you get to this

A

Ek = Ep(max) - Ep(x)
1/2kA^2 - 1/2kx^2
1/2k(A^2 - x^2)

94
Q

What happens to the total energy in a system undergoing SHM?

A

Remains constant with no losses

95
Q

Ek at extremes during SHM

A

0

96
Q

Ep at extremes during SHM

A

Maximum

97
Q

Are there negative energies plotted on a graph? Why?

A

No
Energies are scalar
No negative values

98
Q

What have most of the systems examined in this unit been, which is theoretical?

A

Assumed to be oscillating freely, without friction acting

99
Q

What is any real oscillation system subject to?

A

Frictional forces of many kinds

100
Q

What do frictional forces do to an oscillating system?

A

Decrease the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations

101
Q

Is damping deliberate?

A

In many cases, yes

102
Q

Types of damping

A

Light damping
Heavy damping
Critical damping

103
Q

What is light damping?

A

The system oscillates about the equilibrium point with decreasing amplitude

104
Q

When does light damping occur?

A

Naturally, when an oscillating object is subjected to air resistance or to friction

105
Q

What is heavy damping?

A

The system takes a long time to return to its equilibrium point
The object only completes 1/4 of an oscillation and doesn’t continue through the equilibrium position

106
Q

Example of heavy damping

A

A pendulum swinging in oil

107
Q

What is critical damping?

A

The system reaches equilibrium and comes to rest in the shortest time possible, about T/4

108
Q

What type of damping is critical damping similar to but how is it different?

A

Heavy damping, but the object comes to rest in the same time as it would in a free oscillation (nearly) but doesn’t proceed through the equilibrium position

109
Q

What’s the most useful case of damping?

A

Critical damping

110
Q

What is critical damping used in?

A

Vehicle suspensions

111
Q

Why is critical damping used in vehicle suspensions and how does this work?

A

A driver wants to absorb a bump in the road, but doesn’t want to go bouncing along the road afterwards
By damping the spring critically, it means the wheel is pushed straight back onto the road without subsequent bounces

112
Q

How could a system oscillating freely be described?

A

Has only the initial energy input given to it and then continues to repeat the same motion “for ever” (assuming no energy loss)

113
Q

Under which conditions will a system resonate?

A

When given extra energy, if its given at a certain frequency , it will be absorbed and the system will resonate

114
Q

When does resonance occur?

A

When a system or object is subjected to an external force or vibration that matches its natural frequency

115
Q

Forced oscillations

A

When systems are oscillating in response to an input of energy from an external force

116
Q

When systems are oscillating in response to an input of energy from an external force

A

Forced oscillations

117
Q

In a spring set-up, how is the electric motor connected and why?

A

Connected via variable resistor
The speed can be varied continuously

118
Q

In the spring set up, why is the mass in a transparent tube?

A

To prevent the mass from moving excessively from side to side when the amplitude of the oscillations is large

119
Q

When would a mass connected to a spring move excessively from side to side?

A

When the amplitude of the oscillations is large

120
Q

What happens to the spring set up when the speed of the motor is high? Why?

A

Top of the spring is moved up and down rapidly
The mass hardly moves at all (the amplitude of the drive oscillations is small)

121
Q

What happens as the speed of the motor in the spring set up is reduced?

A

Th amplitude of the driven oscillations increases until it reaches a maximum

122
Q

What happens to a system when the amplitude of driven oscillations is at a maximum?

A

Resonance

123
Q

What is happening when the amplitude of the driven oscillations on a spring reaches a maximum?

A

This driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of oscillation of the mass on the spring = resonance occurs

124
Q

Which frequencies are the same for resonance to occur?

A

The driving frequency is the same as the natural frequency of oscillation of the object

125
Q

What happens as the driving frequency on an object decreases further past the point of maximum amplitude?

A

The amplitude of the driven oscillations again decreases

126
Q

What type of oscillating systems can exhibit resonance?

A

Any oscillating system

127
Q

What in particular frequently result in resonance?

A

The interaction of waves and oscillating systems

128
Q

Which frequencies get amplified?

A

Resonant frequencies

129
Q

Can amplitudes increase infinitely with resonance?

A

No, there’s a limit to the amplitude of the oscillations, even when the driving frequency and driven frequency are the same

130
Q

Why is there a limit to the amplitude of the oscillations that a mass makes, even when the driving frequency and driven frequency are the same?

A

The length of the string is a physical limit to the amplitude of the oscillations of the mass
There’s some damping of the oscillations, which absorbs energy

131
Q

What happens when the driving frequency approaches the natural frequency of a system?

A

The amplitude of the oscillations increase rapidly

132
Q

Under which conditions do the amplitude of oscillations increase rapidly if the driving frequency approaches the natural frequency of a system?

A

If the system is only lightly damped

133
Q

When is the increase in amplitude of something oscillating less?

A

As the damping of the system increases

134
Q

Quality factor/ Q-factor

A

The width of the resonance curves

135
Q

The width of resonance curves

A

Quality factor/Q factor

136
Q

When is the Q-factor better?

A

The sharper the curve (the narrower)

137
Q

What does increasing the damping do to the Q factor and why?

A

Broadens the resonance curve
Reduced the Q-factor

138
Q

What does light damping affect?

A

Amplitude

139
Q

What does light damping have little effect on?

A

The natural frequency of oscillation of a system

140
Q

What does heavier damping reduce?

A

The amplitude of the driven oscillations
Also reduces the natural frequency

141
Q

Difference between light and heavier damping

A

Light - little effect on the natural frequency of oscillation of a system, although it does affect the amplitude
Heavy - reduces both the amplitude and the natural frequency

142
Q

How could we damp a mass on a spring?

A

Put it into a liquid such as oil

143
Q

Uses of resonance

A

Circuit tuning
Microwave heating
MRI scanners

144
Q

Problems associated with resonance

A

The design of bridges
Buildings collapsing

145
Q

Example of circuit tuning (use of resonance)

A

Tuning a circuit to resonate at certain radio frequencies

146
Q

How does microwave heating use resonance?

A

Water molecules resonate at microwave frequencies, the microwaves cause oscillations in the molecules which heat up the water

147
Q

Why does resonance need to be considered in the design of bridges?

A

Wind at the right frequency an causes them to collapse (e.g - Tacoma Narrows Bridge)

148
Q

What needs to be considered relating to resonance when constructing buildings?

A

Short buildings respond to high frequency oscillation and vice versa

149
Q

What type of damping is happening if the object still oscillates more than once?

A

Light

150
Q

Purpose of damping in a car suspension system

A

Return quickly to equilibrium
Avoid resonance/large amplitudes
Reduce oscillations
Dissipating energy

151
Q

Words to include when describing resonance

A

Certain (as in certain frequency)
Frequency
Maximum amplitude

152
Q

What type of damping prevents oscillations occurring at all when the system is displaced and released?

A

Critical damping

153
Q

If calculating maximum acceleration using a=-w^2x, how can we use the equation if we don’t have a value for x?

A

Remember that xmax = A
So, the equation is altered to a max = -w^2A

154
Q

How do we show damping on a graph and why?

A

All lower down and a bit to the left
Lower peak
Natural vibrating frequency decreases

155
Q

How is the equation v = -Awsin(wt + E) altered when working out the maximum velocity and why?

A

Vmax = Aw
(Since the maximum value of sin is 1)

156
Q

What’s the assumption always made with calculations involving springs?

A

That the spring obeys Hooke’s law

157
Q

Extension of a spring

A

The difference in length when the force is applied

158
Q

How does damping occur in the air?

A

Transfer of kinetic energy to air molecules from the moving object

159
Q

How do we measure T on a graph?

A

Peak to peak

160
Q

What’s the phase angle when an object is moving through the equilibrium position towards the maximum positive displacement at t=0?

A

-pi/2

161
Q

What’s the phase angle when an object is moving away from the maximum possible displacement at t=0?

A

Pi/2

162
Q

Why is there a minus sign in v= -Awsin(wt + e)?

A

Ensures that v is initially negative as it moves away from the point of maximum possible displacement

163
Q

Compare acceleration in SHM and displacement in SHM graphs and explain why this is the case

A

Mirror images of eachother
Since a = -w^2x

164
Q

What happens in terms of energy during damping? Why?

A

Energy lost to surroundings due to resistive forces

165
Q

What do we need to ensure that we do when using V = -Awsin(wt + e) and x = Acos(wt + e)?

A

Make sure that the calculator is in radians

166
Q

How would we rearrange x = Acos (wt + e) to find t?

A

When moving cos to the other side, it’ll be cos-1

167
Q

Forced oscillations

A

Periodic input of energy during the oscillation

168
Q

Compare free and forced oscillations

A

Free —> energy input at start and then no further input energy
Forced oscillations —> periodic input of energy during oscillation. As driving force approaches the resonant frequency (natural frequency) the amplitude of oscillation increase

169
Q

Explain how a graph of a v.s x would show simple harmonic motion

A

Straight line: acceleration is proportional to displacement
Negative gradient: acceleration in the opposite direction to displacement

170
Q

What kind of forces cause damping?

A

Resistive forces

171
Q

When does resonance occur?

A

When a system or object is subjected to a periodic external force or vibration that matches its natural frequency

172
Q

What shows that acceleration is proportional to displacement on a SHM graph?

A

Straight line through the origin

173
Q

What will happen when heavy damping decreases the natural vibrating frequency of something?

A

The amplitude of oscillation will decrease too

174
Q

What do we use when a question asks us to give the maximum height reached by a pendulum mass above the level of its lowest point?

A

1/2mv^2 = mgh

A level Physics (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions